目的 研究逍遥散及其功能药队（疏肝药队、健脾药队）改善抑郁大鼠行为学药效作用，并运用粗糙集理论和决策规则模型分析功能药队间的相互作用及其对逍遥散抗抑郁药效的影响，为科学阐释逍遥散抗抑郁配伍规律提供研究方法和理论依据。方法 采用慢性温和不可预知应激（CUMS）建立大鼠抑郁模型，考察逍遥散及其功能药队对CUMS大鼠在旷场实验、糖水偏爱和强迫游泳中的影响。运用Rosetta软件建立粗糙集的决策规则模型，通过决策规则分析疏肝药、健脾药和逍遥散与其抗抑郁药效之间的相互作用。结果 逍遥散及其功能药队可显著改善CUMS大鼠的抑郁行为。与模型组大鼠相比，逍遥散及其功能药队能显著增加旷场实验中大鼠的穿越格数和直立次数（P<0.05、0.01）；显著升高糖水偏爱率（P<0.05、0.01）；显著降低强迫游泳的不动时间（P<0.05、0.01）；改善糖水偏爱率作用：逍遥散 > 健脾组 > 疏肝组；旷场实验直立次数和穿越格数：疏肝组 > 健脾组 > 逍遥散；强迫游泳指标：逍遥散＝疏肝组>健脾组。决策规则分析结果显示，疏肝药和健脾药单独使用时的药效均没有逍遥散全方药效强；疏肝药和健脾药具有协同抗抑郁的作用，且具有剂量相关性，剂量越高，协同抗抑郁药效越强。为进一步验证疏肝药和健脾药之间的相互关系及其对抗抑郁药效的影响，根据逍遥散单味药决策表对逍遥散中8味药进行属性约简，分别得到疏肝和健脾功能药队的代表性药物柴胡和白芍。决策规则分析结果与上述药队分析结果一致。结论 逍遥散及其功能药队可显著改善CUMS抑郁大鼠旷场、糖水等核心症状，表现出抗抑郁作用。逍遥散整方作用优于其功能药队，表明其配伍精当、组方合理。基于粗糙集理论的决策规则分析方法是科学阐释中药复方配伍规律的有效策略之一。

Objectives To study the effects of Xiaoyao Powder (XYP) and its composition drug groups (Shugan group and Jianpi group) on the behavior medicinal effects of depressed rats. In addition, the rough set theory and the model of decision rules were used to analyze the interaction between composition drug groups and their effects on the anti-depression of XYP. This study will provide the research method and theoretical basis for the scientific explanation of the compatibility rule of anti-depression of XYP. Methods The depression rats model was constructed by Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS). The effects of XYP and its composition drug groups on CUMS rats were investigated in open field test, sucrose preference rate and forced swimming. Afterwards, Rosetta software was used to construct the decision rules model of rough set. The interactions among XYP, Shugan, and Jianpi groups were analyzed according to the decision rules. Results XYP and its composition drug groups significantly improved the depressive behaviors of CUMS rats. Compared with the model group, XYP and its composition drug groups significantly increased the number of crossings and rearing of the rats in the open field test (P<0.05, 0.01) and significantly increased the sucrose preference rate (P<0.05, 0.01). XYP and its composition drug groups significantly reduced the immobility time of forced swimming (P<0.05, 0.01). The order of improving the sucrose preference rate was XYP > Jianpi group > Shugan group. The order of improving the behaviors in the open field test was Shugan group > Jianpi group > XYP. The order of decreasing the time of forced swimming index was XYP = Shugan group > Jianpi group. The results of decision rules showed that, Shugan and Jianpi groups exhibited certain antidepressant effects when used alone, but they were weaker than that of XYP. Of note, Shugan and Jianpi groups exhibited synergetic effect in a dose-dependent manner: The higher the dose was, the greater the antidepressant effect was. In order to further verify the mutual relationship between Shugan and Jianpi groups on the anti-depression efficacy, according to the decision table of XYP and its individual herbs, attribute reduction of eight herbs in XYP was conducted, obtaining the representative drugs of Shugan and Jianpi groups: Bupleuri Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba. The results of decision rules were consistent with that of composition drug groups. Conclusions XYP and its composition drug groups can not only improve the core symptoms of depression, including index in open field test, sucrose preference rate and forced swimming index, showing remarkable antidepressant effects. The effects of XYP on these indexes were stronger than that of its composition drug groups, indicating that the composition of the XYP prescription is well-suited and scientifically reasonable. The decision rules based on rough set theory could be used as an approach to scientifically interpret the compatibility laws of TCM prescriptions.

R285.5

国家自然科学基金青年项目（81803962）；山西省留学回国人员科技活动择优资助项目（20200013）