目的 揭示多花黄精遗传多样性及地理分布特征。方法 采用ISSR分子标记技术，对来自浙江、安徽、江西、福建、湖南、湖北6省20个种源118株多花黄精进行综合分析。结果 16条引物共扩增出130条清晰条带，其中多态性条带123条，平均多态百分率（PPL）为94.62%，种源内遗传多样性在33.85%~60.00%，平均Nei's基因多样度（H_e）为0.183 8，Shannon信息指数（I）为0.267 4，遗传分化系数（G_st）为0.529 3。UPGMA聚类分析显示，同一种源的种质基本上聚在一起，说明种源间的遗传分化大于种源内不同个体间的基因遗传分化；在遗传相似系数值等于0.61时可将118份种质聚为武夷山脉、武陵山脉和罗霄山脉、大别山脉、洞宫山脉和天目山脉4类。结论 多花黄精具有丰富的遗传多样性，遗传变异与山脉密切相关，山脉之间的平原、水域隔离可能是导致群体间遗传分化的主要原因之一。研究结果对黄精种质资源保护、品种选育具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。

Objective To study the genetic diversity and geographical distribution of Polygonatum cyrtonema resources. Methods ISSR technique was applied to analyze 118 individuals from 20 P. cyrtonema provenances in six provinces, including Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, and Zhejiang. Results The results showed that 130 clear bands were amplified by 16 primers with 123 polymorphic bands and the average percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) was 94.62%, PPL within provenances was 33.85%-60.00%. Nei's genetic diversity index (H_e) was 0.183 8, Shannon's information index (I) was 0.267 4 and gene differentiation index (G_st) was 0.529 3. There were abundant genetic diversities existing in wild resources of P. cyrtonema. The UPGMA clustering analysis revealed that individuals from the same provenance were almost clustered together firstly, explaining that the genetic differentiation among different provenances was higher than those within provenances. When genetic similarity (GS) was 0.61, 118 germplasms can be divided into four categories, including Wuyi Mountains, Wuling and Luoxiao Mountains, Dabie Mountains, Donggong, and Tianmu Mountains. Conclusion P. cyrtonema has high genetic diversity, genetic variation was closely related to mountains, and the isolation of plains and water areas between mountains was one of the main causes of genetic differentiation among groups. This study had essentially theoretical value and practical significance for the protection of the germplasm resources and the breeding of the species.

R282.12

浙江省重大科技专项（2016C02058）