目的 比较不同产地金钗石斛性状及显微特征。方法 采用性状鉴别方法、显微鉴别方法以及数理统计方法对不同产地的金钗石斛进行研究。结果 性状鉴别数理统计结果表明不同产地样品之间茎的直径存在显著性差异。云南龙陵样品最粗，西藏尼木样品最细，两者茎直径平均值相差达5 mm。显微鉴别发现云南龙陵野生样品茎的维管束最发达，其样品维管束数目最多，为（115±16）个；海南斌腾、西藏尼木样品茎较细，其维管束数目较少。粉末显微特征物定量计数结果表明6个产地金钗石斛的散在针晶以及硅质块的数量有显著性差异。贵州旺隆产金钗石斛散在草酸钙针晶定量计数值最大，为（516.2±65.1）个/mg；云南龙陵产金钗石斛硅质块定量计数值最大，为（172.0±32.9）个/mg。结论 因产地环境不同，金钗石斛的性状与显微特征存在一定的差异，可作为金钗石斛性状与显微鉴别的参考依据。

Objective To compare the morphological characters and microscopic characteristics of Dendrobium nobile from different habitats. Methods D. nobile from different habitats was studied by means of character identification, microscopic identification and mathematical statistics. Results Mathematical statistical analysis of morphological characters showed that there was a significant difference in stem diameter between samples from different habitats. Longling sample from Yunnan was the thickest, and Nimu sample from Tibet was the thinnest, the diameter of difference between the two stems was up to 5 mm. The results of microscopic identification showed that the vascular bundles of the stems of Longling wild samples were the most developed, with the most number of 115±16. The stem of Binteng and Nimu samples was thinner, and the number of vascular bundles was less. Quantitative counting results of powder microscopic characteristics showed that there were significant differences in the number of needle-like calcium and siliceous cake of D. nobile among the six different habitats. The quantitative count of needle-like calcium of D. nobile powder produced in Wanglong of Guizhou was the largest, with 516.2±65.1 needle-like calcium in 1 mg. The quantitative count of D. nobile powder produced in Longling of Yunnan was the largest, with 172±32.9 siliceous cake in 1 mg. Conclusion Due to the different environments, there were some differences in the morphological characters and microscopic characteristics of D. nobile, which can be used as a reference for the morphological and microscopic identification of D. nobile.

R286.2

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（81603231）；贵州省科学技术基金项目（黔科合J字[2014]2040号）；贵州省“千”层次创新型人才培养项目（贵中医[ZQ2017005]）