目的 研究党参远志散微乳对阿尔茨海默病（AD）模型小鼠脑组织中乙酰胆碱（Ach）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）水平及脑组织中AchE和乙酰胆碱转移酶（ChAT）蛋白表达的影响，运用胆碱能学说分析作用机制。方法 小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、生物相容性微乳组、脑复康组、党参远志散水提液组和党参远志散微乳组，每组15只。除对照组外，其余组均ip D-半乳糖（D-gal）和NaNO₂制备AD小鼠模型，分别ig蒸馏水、生物相容性微乳、脑复康、党参远志散水提液和党参远志散微乳6周。采用水迷宫实验进行行为学考察；酶联免疫分析测定脑组织中Ach和AchE水平；HE染色光镜观察海马CA1区和皮层的病理变化；免疫组织化学染色法检测海马CA1区和皮层的ChAT、AchE蛋白表达。结果 与模型组比较，党参远志散微乳组小鼠学习记忆能力明显提高（P<0.05），脑组织中Ach水平明显升高（P<0.01），AchE水平明显降低（P<0.01），海马CA1区和皮层的病理结构改变明显改善，ChAT的蛋白阳性表达明显上升（P<0.01），AchE蛋白阳性表达明显下降（P<0.01）。结论 党参远志散微乳可通过上调小鼠海马CA1区和皮层中ChAT表达和抑制AchE表达而发挥抗AD作用。

Objective To observe the effects of Dangshen Yuanzhi Powder microemulsion on protein expression of AchE and ChAT, and the contents of Ach and AchE in brain tissue of Alzheimer's disease model mice and analyze its mechanism based on cholinergic theory. Methods Mice were divided into control group, model group, BME group, Piracetam group, water extractant group and microemulsion extractant group, with 15 mice in each group. Alzheimer's disease mice model was established by intraperitoneal injection with D-gal and NaNO₂. Meanwhile, each group was given by gavage for six weeks with distilled water, BME, Piracetam tablets, water extractant and microemulsion extractant. Water maze was used to conduct behavior study. Contents of Ach and AchE in brain tissue were also measured. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes and IHC staining was used to detect expression of AchE and ChAT in hippocampal CA1 region and cerebral cortex of mice. Results Compared with the model group, learning and memory abilities of mice were significantly improved (P<0.05), content of Ach was significantly improved (P<0.01), content of AchE was significantly decreased (P<0.01), pathological changes of hippocampal CA1 region and cerebral cortex were improved, AChE expression was significantly downregulated (P<0.01), and ChAT expression was markedly upregulated (P<0.01) in microemulsion extractant group. Conclusion Dangshen Yuanzhi Powder microemulsion can control the progression of Alzheimer's disease by upregulating ChAT expression and inhibiting AChE expression in hippocampal CA1 region and cerebral cortex of mice.

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山西省“1331工程”工程（技术）研究中心中药微乳与生物新制剂研发；山西中医药大学校级科技创新团队（2018TD-007）；晋药综合开发利用协同创新中心项目（2017-JYXT-19）；山西省应用基础研究计划项目（201901D211539）；山西省中医药管理局科研项目（2019ZYYC022）