目的 观察茜草炭不同提取物对急性血瘀模型大鼠的影响,筛选茜草炭化瘀止血作用最佳的提取方式。方法 连续给药8 d,于第7天给药后,除对照组大鼠外,其余各组大鼠均sc盐酸肾上腺素加冰浴复制急性血瘀模型,以云南白药为阳性药,观察茜草炭醇提物、醇提加水提物、醇提后水提物、水提物对急性血瘀模型大鼠血液流变学、体外血栓形成、血小板系统及纤溶系统的影响。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠各切变率下的全血黏度升高(P<0.01),体外血栓湿、干质量增加(P<0.05),凝血时间延长(P<0.05、0.01),血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)的量与ADP诱导的血小板聚集率升高(P<0.01),纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)和血栓素B₂(TXB₂)的量增加,6-酮-前列腺素1α(6-keto-PGF_1α)的量下降(P<0.05、0.01)。与模型组比较,茜草炭醇提物与醇提加水提物显著改善模型大鼠全血黏度、减轻血栓湿质量与干质量、缩短凝血时间、升高PAI-1与6-keto-PGF_1α的量、降低TXB₂的量(P<0.05、0.01),两者均能升高模型大鼠血小板聚集率,醇提物显著降低纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)的量(P<0.05),但对FIB量影响不大;而醇提加水提物显著升高t-PA的量(P<0.01),其中醇提加水提物对全血黏度、血栓湿质量与干质量影响优于醇提物,而醇提物对凝血时间的作用效果强于醇提加水提物;醇提后水提物与水提物对急性血瘀模型大鼠的影响弱于醇提物与醇提加水提提取物,两者均具有改善模型大鼠全血黏度、减轻血栓干质量、缩短凝血酶时间(TT)与凝血酶原时间(PT)、升高PAI-1与TXB₂的量、降低t-PA 量的趋势,显著缩短活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、升高FIB与6-keto-PGF_1α的量、减轻血栓湿质量(P<0.05、0.01)的作用。结论 茜草炭醇提加水提物化瘀止血作用强于茜草炭其他提取物,即醇提加水提法为茜草炭化瘀止血作用的最佳提取方式。

Objective To observe the effect of different extracts from carbonized Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma (RRR) on acute blood stasis model of rats, in order to screen the optimal extraction method for its hemostatic effect by removing blood stasis. Methods The acute blood stasis models of rats were established with sc injection of high-dose adrenaline hydrochloride after continuous administration for 8 d and being socked in ice-water, using Yunnan Baiyao as positive drug. The effect of the alcohol extract, compound (alcohol + aqueous) extract, aqueous extract, and aqueous extract after alcohol extracting on hemorheology, in vitro thrombus, blood plotelets system, and fibrinolytic system in acute blood stasis model of rats were observed. Results Compared with the control group, the whole blood viscosity in each shear rate (P < 0.01) and the wet and dry weight of in vitro thrombus could be increased (P < 0.05), the coagulation time was prolonged (P < 0.05, 0.01), the FIB content and platelet aggregation rate induced by ADP increased (P < 0.01), the PAI-1 and TXB₂ contents increased, and the 6-keto-PGF1α content decreased in the rats of model group (P < 0.05, 0.01). Compared with the model group, both the alcohol extract and compound extract could significantly improve the whole blood viscosity, decrease the wet and dry weight of external thrombus, shorten the coagulation time, increase the contents of PAI-1 and 6-keto-PGF1α, and decrease the TXB₂ content (P < 0.05, 0.01). Both of them could make platelet aggregation rate increased, but have no significant influence on the content of FIB. The alcohol extract significantly decreased the content of t-PA (P < 0.05), while the compound extract significantly increased t-PA content (P < 0.01). The compound extract has influenced the hemorheology and the wet and dry weight of in vitro thrombus greater than the alcohol extract. While on the coagulation time, the effect of alcohol extract is greater. Conclusion The hemostatic effects by removing blood stasis of alcohol extract and compound extract are stronger than those of others, especially the compound extract. In other words, the optimal extraction method of its hemostatic effect by removing blood stasis is the compound extract.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(81473348);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(ysxk-2014);江苏高校品牌专业建设工程资助项目(PPZY2015A070)