目的 采用UPLC-UV-ELSD法研究6个产地28个批次西洋参药材,对不同产地西洋参采用指纹图谱聚类分析、主成分分析(PCA)及相似度评价等技术进行研究,为西洋参药材的品质评价及生产区划提供参考。方法 采用Waters Acquity UPLC色谱系统,TUV检测器,ELSD检测器,色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC^TM BEH C₁₈(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以乙腈-水进行二元梯度洗脱,检测波长203 nm,柱温30℃,漂移管温度为50℃,喷雾器参数50%,氮气压力为275.8 kPa(40 psi)。结果 建立了西洋参的UPLC特征指纹图谱共有模式,标定12个共有峰,采用10个对照品指认了10个共有峰,PCA分析结果显示,北京、吉林、黑龙江地区的西洋参中人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rc、Rb₂、Rb₃等成分要区别于美国、山东、陕西地区的西洋参;而美国、山东、陕西产区西洋参中人参皂苷Rg₂、Rb₁、Rd区别于北京、吉林、黑龙江地区。结论 所建立色谱条件稳定性及重复性良好,可为西洋参药材的质量评价及质量控制提供依据。

Objective To establish a method of UPLC-UV-ELSD fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition which could provide a reliable evidence for the scientific evaluation and quality control for the roots of Panax quinquefolius, based on clustering analysis, principal component analysis, and similarity assessment techniques. Methods The chromatographic separation was achieved on Waters Acquity UPLC system, TUV detector, and ELSD detector, performed on Acquity UPLC^TM BEH C₁₈ column(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7μm) and gradient eluted with acetonitrile-water, and the column temperature was maintained at 30℃; The detection wavelength was set at 203 nm; The temperature of drift tube was maintained at 50℃, sprayer parameter was 50%, and nitrogen pressure was 275.8 kPa The common mode of UPLC fingerprint for the roots of P. quinquefolius was set up. There were 12 common peaks in the fingerprints, with 10 reference substance identified ten common peaks, the PCA analysis showed that ginsenosides Rg₁, Re, Rc, Rb₂, and Rb₃ in the roots of P. quinquefolius in Beijing, Jilin, and Heilongjiang regions distinguish from the United States, Shandong and Shaanxi, while ginsenosides Rg₂, Rb₁, and Rd conversely. Conclusion This method has the advantages of high reproducibility and stability, and it can be used to control the quality of the roots in P. quinquefolius.

国家自然科学基金面上项目:人参药材中人参皂苷地理变异气候特征研究(81473304);国家"十二五"科技支撑课题:毕节市喀斯特山区中药材生态适宜性区划关键技术研究(2015BAI05B01);吉林省科技成果转化计划:基于GIS的吉林省人参精细区划构建及生产布局研究(20130305047YY)