目的 研究人参Panax ginseng茎叶总皂苷酸水解产物的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离、纯化,通过NMR、MS等进行结构鉴定。结果 从人参茎叶总皂苷的酸水解产物中分离鉴定了34个化合物,分别为3β-乙酰氧基-12β-羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷(1)、3β,6α-二乙酰氧基-12β-羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷(2)、3β-乙酰氧基-6α,12β-二羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷(3)、20(R)-人参二醇(4)、异去氢原人参三醇(5)、3-酮基-6α,12β-二羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷(6)、达玛-(E)-20(22)-烯-3β,12β,25-三醇(7)、6α-乙酰氧基-3β,12β-二羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷(8)、20(S)-原人参二醇(9)、20(R)-原人参二醇(10)、20(S)-25-乙氧基-达玛烷-3β,12β,20-三醇(11)、20(R)-人参三醇(12)、达玛-(E)-20(22),24-二烯-3β,6α,12β-三醇(13)、27-去甲基-(E,E)-20(22),23-二烯-3β,12β-二羟基达玛-25-酮(14)、3β,12β-二羟基-22,23,24,25,26,27-六去甲达玛烷-20-酮(15)、3β-乙酰氧基-6α,12β,25-三羟基-(20S,24R)-环氧达玛烷(16)、20(S)-25-乙氧基-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β,20-四醇(17)、达玛-(E)-20(22)-烯-3β,6α,12β,25-四醇(18)、达玛-(Z)-20(22)-烯-3β,6α,12β,25-四醇(19)、20(S)-达玛烷-3β,12β,20,25-四醇(20)、20(R)-达玛烷-3β,12β,20,25-四醇(21)、20(S)-原人参三醇(22)、20(R)-原人参三醇(23)、(20S,24S)-达玛烷-20,24-环氧-3β,6α,12β,25-四醇(24)、(20S,24R)-达玛烷-20,24-环氧-3β,6α,12β,25-四醇(25)、(20R,24R)-达玛烷-20,24-环氧-3β,6α,12β,25-四醇(26)、3β,6α,12β-三羟基-22,23.24,25,26,27-六去甲达玛烷-20-酮(27)、12β-羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷-3β-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(28)、20(S)-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β,20,25-五醇(29)、20(R)-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β,20,25-五醇(30)、20(R)-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β-三羟基-20,25-环氧-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(31)、拟人参皂苷Rh₂(32)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rh₁(33)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh₁(34)。结论 化合物1～3、6、8、11、17、24～26和32为首次从人参茎叶总皂苷酸水解产物中分离得到的人参三萜类化合物;首次报道化合物1、16和19的碳谱数据;32是人癌细胞增殖的抑制剂。

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the acid hydrolysates of total saponins from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, and their structures were identified by NMR and MS data analysis. Results Thirty-four compounds were isolated and identified as 3β-acetoxy-12β-hydroxy-20(R),25-epoxydammarane (1), 3β,6α-diacetoxy-12β-hydroxy-20(R),25-epoxydammarane (2), 3β-acetoxy-6α,12β-dihydroxy-20(R),25-epoxydammarane (3), 20(R)-panaxadiol (4), isodehydroprotopanaxatriol (5), 3-oxo-6α,12β-dihydroxy-20(R),25-epoxydammarane (6), dammar-(E)-20(22)-ene-3β,12β,25-triol (7), 6α-acetoxy-3β,12β-dihydroxy-20(R),25-epoxydammarane (8), 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (9), 20(R)-protopanaxadiol (10), 20(S)-25-ethoxyl-dammarane-3β,12β,20-triol (11), 20(R)-panaxatriol (12), dammar-(E)-20(22),24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (13), 27-demethyl-(E,E)-20(22),23-dien-3β,12β-dihydroxydammar-25-one (14), 3β,12β-dihydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanordamaran-20-one (15), 3β-acetoxy-6α,12β,25-trihydroxy-20(S),24(R)-epoxy-dammarane (16), 20(S)-25-ethoxyl-dammarane-3β,12β,20-triol (17), dammar-(E)-20(22)-ene-3β,6α,12β,25-tetrol (18), dammar-(Z)-20(22)-ene-3β,6α,12β,25-tetrol (19), 20(S)-dammarane-3β,12β,20,25-tetrol (20), 20(R)-dammarane-3β,12β,20,25-tetrol (21), 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (22), 20(R)-protopanaxatriol (23), (20S,24S)-dammarane-20,24-epoxy-3β,6α,12β,25-tetraol (24), (20S,24R)-dammarane-20,24-epoxy-3β,6α,12β,25-tetraol (25), (20R,24R)-dammarane-20,24-epoxy-3β,6α,12β,25-tetraol (26), 3β,6α,12β-trihydroxy-22,23,24, 25,26,27-hexanordamaran-20-one (27), 12β-hydroxy-20(R),25-epoxydammarane-3β-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (28), 20(S)-dammarane-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol (29), 20(R)-dammarane-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol (30), 20(R)-dammarane-3β,6α,12β-trihydroxy-20,25-epoxy-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (31), pseudo-ginsenoside-Rh₂ (32), 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rh₁ (33), and 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rh₁ (34). Conclusion Compounds 1—3, 6, 8, 11, 17, 24—26, and 32 are ginseng triterpenoids isolated from the acid hydrolysates of total saponins from the stems and leaves of P. ginseng for the first time. Pseudo-ginsenoside-Rh₂ is a potent antiproliferative agent against human cancer cells.

“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAI03B01)