目的 建立黄芪单糖指纹图谱,找出速生黄芪与野生黄芪糖谱专属性差异,为不同生长方式黄芪鉴别和品质评价提供依据。方法 采用单糖指纹图谱技术,对24批不同生长方式的黄芪药材,以黄芪细胞质中游离糖、多糖和糖缀合物为研究对象,建立速生黄芪与野生黄芪的单糖指纹图谱,并对不同生长方式的黄芪中单糖的种类与量进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果 野生黄芪中不同糖类成分的量明显高于速生黄芪,且2种黄芪可按指标成分的比例进行鉴别(速生黄芪中甘露糖-阿拉伯糖 > 3.5:1,葡萄糖-阿拉伯糖 > 4:1;野生黄芪中甘露糖-阿拉伯糖 < 3.5:1,葡萄糖-阿拉伯糖 < 4:1)。结论 该结果不仅为黄芪品质评价指标的筛选提供了依据,同时为以糖类化合物为主要活性物质的中药材质量评价标准的研究提供了思路与方法。

Objective To establish monosaccharide fingerprint of carbohydrates in Astragali Radix, and find the specificities of saccharides between natural and cultured Astragali Radix to provide the basis for evaluating the quality of Astragali Radix in different cultivation patterns. Methods Monosaccharide fingerprint from 24 kinds of different cultivations of Astragali Radix based on carbohydrates hydrolysis followed by chromatographic analysis was founded. The data of monosaccharide fingerprint were statistically analyzed based on principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Results The carbohydrates content of natural Astragali Radix was apparently higher than the cultured, one and the natural and cultured Astragali Radix could be distinguished by molar ratios of mannose, glucose, and arabinose (the molar ratio of mannose and arabinose was more than 3.5:1 and the ratio of glucose and arabinose was more than 4:1 in cultured Astragali Radix, while the ratio of mannose and arabinose was less than 3.5:1 and the ratio of glucose and arabinose was less than 4:1 in natural Astragali Radix). Conclusion The results not only supply the foundation for screening the quality indicators for Astragali Radix, but also provide the new ways of quality evaluation for medicinal materials in which carbohydrates are major bioactive components.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(31200278);教育部博士点新教师类基金项目(20131401120006)