目的 通过对大鼠口服麻黄汤后血浆中总生物碱的测定,研究酸性染料比色法中涡旋法替代萃取法提取总生物碱的可行性.方法 大鼠口服麻黄汤后,采用酸性染料比色法测定血浆样品中的总生物碱,对总生物碱的提取操作分别采用传统的萃取法和改进的涡旋法,并对2种方法所测得的大鼠口服麻黄汤后血浆中总生物碱量及其药动学参数进行比较和分析.结果 萃取法和涡旋法所得到的麻黄碱质量浓度分别在4～40、4～80 μg/mL与吸光度呈良好线性关系,回归方程分别为A=0.017 1 C＋0.235 5(r=0.985 5)、A=0.006 8 C＋0.010 2(r=0.996 4);平均回收率分别为95.63%(RSD=1.92%)、111.55%(RSD=0.26%);麻黄总生物碱的大鼠体内隔室模型均为单室模型,主要药动学参数AUC、C_max、t_max、t_1/2分别为5.30×10⁵ min·μg/mL、57.13 μg/mL、37.20 min、6 403.78 min和1.94×10⁶ min·μg/mL、663.20 μg/mL、361.90 min、1 756.87 min,其中涡旋法提取总生物碱完全,C_max、AUC分别为萃取法的11.61、3.66倍.结论 涡旋法更为快速、准确、灵敏、简便、稳定和安全,重复性更好,对操作者伤害更小,可最大限度获得麻黄汤中的总生物碱,具有替代传统萃取法的科学性、现实性和必要性.

Objective To propose the feasibility of the vortex method of acid dye colorimetry replacing extraction method to determine the content of total alkaloids in plasma of rats after oral administration with Mahuang Decoction. Methods The contents of total alkaloids in plasma of rats orally administered with Mahuang Decoction extracted by traditional extraction method and vortex method were determined by acid dye colorimetry, and the results were contrasted and analyzed. Results The extraction method and vortex method had good linear relationship in the range of 4-40 and 4-80 μg/mL with the average recovery rates of 95.63% (RSD = 1.92%) and 111.55% (RSD = 0.26%), respectively. The regression equations established were A = 0.017 1 C + 0.235 5, r = 0.985 5 and A = 0.006 8 C + 0.010 2, r = 0.996 4. The metabolic processes of total alkaloids in rats were both complied with the one-compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters AUC, C_max, t_max, and t_1/2 were 5.30 × 10⁵ min·μg/mL, 57.13 μg/mL, 37.20 min, 6 403.78 min and 1.94 × 10⁶ min·μg/mL, 663.20 μg/mL, 361.90 min, 1 756.87 min. The C_max and AUC of vortex method were 11.61 times and 3.66 times compared with those of extraction method. Conclusion The vortex method is more rapid, accurate, sensitive, simple, stable, safe, and reproducible and has little harm to laboratory assistants, which can extract the total alkaloids in maximum, with the necessity, scientificity, and practicality of replacing traditional extraction method.

福建省科技平台建设项目(2010Y2004)