目的 从毛冬青Ilex pubescens中分离制备三萜皂苷ilexoside O，并探讨其抗血栓活性。方法 综合运用大孔树脂、硅胶和重结晶等分离方法制备化合物，采用核磁、质谱等技术鉴定结构；小鼠和大鼠分别ig给予不同剂量的ilexoside O，通过考察其对小鼠的凝血时间、出血时间和大鼠在三氯化铁诱导下腹主动脉血栓形成量的影响评价其药理活性。结果 ilexoside O各剂量组与对照组相比，对小鼠出血时间均有明显影响（P<0.01），ilexoside O低剂量组（25 mg/kg）对小鼠凝血时间无明显影响（P>0.05），但中（50 mg/kg）、高（100 mg/kg）剂量组可以明显延长小鼠的凝血时间（P<0.05）；ilexoside O各剂量组均可明显减少FeCl₃诱导的大鼠腹主动脉血栓形成量（P<0.01）。结论 制备得到的ilexoside O显示出明显抗凝血效果，同时能减少血栓形成，有明显的活血作用。

Objective To prepare triterpenoid ilexoside O from the roots of Ilex pubescens and to investigate its antithrombotic activity. Methods Ilexoside O was separated and purified by column chromatography and recrystallization, and was identified by ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR analyses. After ig administration, the pharmacological effects of ilexoside O were evaluated by clotting time (CT), bleeding time (BT), and the amount of the abdominal aortic blood clots induced by FeCl₃ in rats, respectively. Results In comparison with placebo group, ilexoside O showed the obvious effects on BT (P < 0.01). The low-dose group (25 mg/kg) of ilexoside O showed no obvious effect on CT (P > 0.05), but the mid- (50 mg/kg) and high- (100 mg/kg) dose groups obviously increased CT of mice (P < 0.05); Ilexoside O obviously decreased the amount of the abdominal aortic blood clots in the induction of FeCl₃ in rats (P < 0.01). Conclusion Ilexoside O shows obvious anticoagulant effect and could decrease the amount of the abdominal aortic blood clots, and its related mechanism is one of the problems which need to be further studied.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81270054，30901954）；广州市珠江科技新星专项（2011J2200047）；广东省优秀青年教师培养计划（Yq2013045）；广东省自然科学基金资助项目（9451040701003203）