目的 研究山楝Aphanamixis polystachya茎皮的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、ODS柱色谱及高效液相制备色谱等方法进行分离纯化，根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从山楝茎皮95%乙醇提取物中分离得到3个链状二萜，分别鉴定为 （2Z，6E，10E）-12，14，15-三羟基-3，7，11，15-四甲基十六碳三烯酸甲酯（1）、melidianolic acid A（2）、陵水暗罗素H（3）。结论 化合物1为新化合物，命名为山楝定；化合物2为首次从山楝属植物中分离得到，化合物3为首次从该植物中分离得到。

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the stem barks of Aphanamixis polystachya. Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of their physicochemical properties and spectral data. Results Three diterpenes were obtained from the ethanol extract of the stem bark of A. polystachya and identified as (2Z, 6E, 10E)-methyl 12, 14, 15-trihydroxy-3, 7, 11, 15- tetramethylhexadeca-2, 6, 10-trienoate (1), melidianolic acid A (2), and nemoralisin H (3), respectively. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new linear diterpene named nemoralisin K, compound 2 is isolated from the plants of Aphanamixis Bl., and compound 3 is obtained from the species for the first time, respectively.

“重大新药创制”科技重大专项“十二五”计划（综合性新药研究开发技术大平台）（2012ZX09301-002-001-026）；中国博士后科学基金（2012M510361）