目的 从遗传特性及化学成分角度研究不同产地白头翁的差异性。方法 采用RAPD方法，通过反应体系的优化，借助于Nei法，对白头翁遗传差异性进行分析；采用HPTLC法和HPLC法比较10个产地白头翁的化学成分差异。结果 在RAPD反应体系中，从100个随机引物中筛选出28个引物扩增产物具有多态性，各基因型间的Nei相似系数分布在0.080～0.839，平均相似系数为0.432。10个不同来源的白头翁明显地聚为A和B两大类群。10个产地的白头翁样品化学成分HPLC色谱图的相似度在0.757～0.989，白头翁皂苷B₄的量相差达10～20倍；HPTLC图更直观的比较样品差异，聚类分析比较与遗传多态性并不完全一致。结论 不同地区的白头翁之间遗传多样性较为丰富，遗传差异存在较明显的地域性；10个产地白头翁化学成分的组成和组分的量均存在一定的差异。

Objective To study differences of Pulsatilla chinensis from different habitats. Methods Using RAPD method, optimizing PCR reaction system, applying Nei method, genetic characteristics were analyzed. HPTLC and HPLC were used to compare differences in chemical constituens from ten habitats. Results Amplication products of twenty-eight primers have polymorphism among 100 random primers in RAPD reaction system. The result of genetic similarity analysis showed that Nei’s coefficient ranged from 0.080 to 0.839, and the average Nei’s coefficient was 0.432. P. chinensis from ten habitats were divided into groups A and B. HPLC similarity of chemical constituents in ten samples was 0.757—0.989. Content of pulchinenoside B₄ was 10—20 times different. HPTLC could be more intuitive for comparison among samples. Results of cluster analysis were not entirely consistent with HPTLC and genetic polymorphism. Conclusion P. chinensis from different habitats have various genetic diversities, and genetic characteristic show geographical features. Chemical constituents and contents in P. chinensis from ten habitats are very different.

安徽省科技厅科技攻关重点资助项目（07010300153）；安徽省中药材产业技术研发中心基金资助项目（ZYC20101503）；安徽科技学院自然科学研究计划项目（ZRC2011294）