目的 研究药西瓜Citrullus colocynthis的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等色谱手段结合重结晶技术进行分离纯化，通过NMR波谱数据和理化性质确定化合物的结构。结果 从药西瓜中分离得到11个化合物，分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇（1）、α-菠甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（2）、α-菠甾酮（3）、双-[(2-乙基) 己基] 邻苯二甲酸酯（4）、对羟基苯甲酸（5）、6-C-对甲基苄基牡荆素（6）、双氢葫芦素E（7）、葫芦素E（8）、异表双氢葫芦素D（9）、双氢异葫芦素B-25-乙酯（10）、葫芦素E-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（11）。结论 化合物6为新化合物，命名为6-C-对甲基苄基牡荆素；化合物1～5、7、9、10均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。

Objective To study the chemical constituents from Citrullus colocynthis. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography together with recrystallization methods and their structures were identified by NMR spectra and physicochemical property. Results Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as β-sitosterol (1), α-spinasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), α-spinasterone (3), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), 6-C-p-methylbenzylvitexin (6), dihydrocucurbitacin E (7), Cucurbitacin E (8), dihydro-epi-iso-cucurbitacin D (9), dihydro- isocucurbitacin B-25-acetate (10), and cucurbitacin E-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11). Conclusion Compound 6 is a novel compound. Compounds 1―5, 7, 9, and 10 are isolated from the plants in Citrullus Schrad. ex Eckl. et Zeyh. for the first time.