目的 探讨云南青阳参居群内、居群间和种子间的遗传多样性。方法 利用AFLP分子标记技术检测云南不同生态环境中青阳参居群间、居群内及不同植株间和同一植株不同双生蓇葖果的不同种子间遗传多样性。结果 居群内遗传多样性比居群间遗传多样性丰富，居群间有效基因等位数（N_e）、Nei’s 基因多样性（H）、Shannon’s指数（I）分别为1.172、0.105、0.161，居群内最高为1.217、0.121、0.177；种子之间遗传多样性H值为0.095，I值为0.145）高于双生蓇葖果间（H值为0.121，I值为0.182）。结论 云南青阳参遗传多样性较低，需要进行保护；在云南3个生态环境中，楚雄的青阳参遗传多样性较其他地区丰富，AFLP图谱中也出现与该生态环境相一致的特异条带。

Objective To approach genetic diversity of Cynanchum otophyllum among populations, within population and seeds. Methods AFLP molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity among populations in different ecological environments, different plants, and different seeds of twins follicles. Results The results showed that the genetic diversity within population was more abundant than that among populations. The effective number of alleles (Ne), Nei’s (1973) gene diversity (H) and Shannon’s Information index (I) were 1.172, 0.105, and 0.161 within population, and 1.217, 0.121, and 0.177 among populations. The seeds level had lower genetic diversity than twins’ follicles level, their H and I were 0.095, 0.145 and 0.121, 0.182, separately. Conclusion The genetic diversity of C. otophyllum in Yunnan is so lower that the protection is needed. Otherwise, in the three ecological environments discussed in Yunnan, C. otophyllum in the Chuxiong ecological environment has richer diversity than those in other regions. According to the AFLP map, a specific band consistent with Chuxiong ecological environment has been found.

教育部科学技术研究重点项目（209115）；云南省应用基础研究计划项目（2007C262M）；云南省教育厅科研基金重点项目（07Z10351）