目的应用不同的分子标记进行柴胡药材干根遗传多样性分析, 为柴胡栽培种鉴别和药材鉴别奠定基础。方法以柴胡栽培种干根为材料, 采用RAPD和AFLP两种分析方法。结果以筛选到的3条随机引物对9个柴胡栽培种进行RAPD分析, 共扩增出28条DNA带, 平均每条引物组合扩增9.33条带, 其中多态性带为6.67条, 多态性比率为71.43%;而在AFLP分析中, 筛选出4对特异性引物, 共获得107条DNA带, 平均每对引物扩增26.75条带, 其中多态性带为23.25条, 多态性比率为86.92%。经统计分析, 9个柴胡栽培种RAPD和AFLP分析的Jaccard遗传相似系数分别介于0.61~0.93和0.39~0.86。UPGMA聚类分析, 两种标记方法均可将9个柴胡栽培种聚为3大类群, 聚类结果相似但不完全相同。结论以柴胡药材干根为材料, RAPD和AFLP两种分子标记均可用于植物种间及种下遗传关系分析, 且AFLP条带较多, 多样性丰富, 更有利于柴胡属植物多样性的分析。

Objective To study the genetic diversity of Fritillaria thunbergii,a traditional Chinese herb in Zhejiang Province in China.Methods The genetic diversity of six representational populations of F.thunbergii including 32 individuals was investigated by amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) maker technique.Results The genetic diversity was revealed as follow: the Nei's genetic diversity index(He) 0.169 0±0.175 7,Shannon's information index(I) 0.269 8±0.245 3,percentage of polymorphic loci(PPB) was 76.85% at the species level;Ht 0.169 0±0.030 9,and Hs 0.150 8±0.024 0,I 0.233 3±0.261 9, PPB was 50.38% at population level.The genetic differentiation index(Gst) was 0.107 6,Nm 4.147 0.The result of dendrogram of six populations indicated that Dongyang and Yongkang populations shared the minimum genetic distance(0.015 0),they were classified into a group,and Xiangshan and Jinyun populations shared the maximum genetic distance(0.032 4).Conclusion The genetic diversity of F.thunbergii cultivated in Zhejiang Province is very rich,which could ensure the long-term survival of F.thunbergii.But the genetic diversity of F.thunbergii is relatively higher in population levels while lower at the species levels and the degree of genetic differentiation occured among the populations is not significant.The germplasm resources are relatively stable among these six populations.These populations could be used to breed the fine strains of F.thunbergii as the bases.

国家自然科学基金资助项目 (30570174)