神经系统疾病作为最大的医学挑战之一，目前尚无针对性的治疗方法。神经干细胞（NSCs）具有分化潜能，可通过组织修复替代、神经营养、免疫调节、抗炎、抗凋亡等达到治疗神经系统疾病的作用，为神经系统疾病的治疗提供了新思路。近年来针对NSCs的研究愈发深入，NSCs移植成为神经系统疾病治疗方法的研究热点，大量临床前及临床研究数据证明NSCs移植治疗用于神经系统疾病是安全可行的。目前已有多个NSCs细胞系进入临床试验阶段，有望用于脑卒中、脑出血、脊髓损伤、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等常见神经系统疾病的治疗。总结了NSCs移植治疗中枢神经系统疾病的研究进展，以期为NSCs移植治疗神经系统疾病研究提供理论支持。

Neurological disease is one of the biggest medical challenges, but there is still no targeted treatments for this kind of diseases. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential of differentiation. NSCs can be used to treat neurological diseases through tissue repair and replacement, neuronutrition, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis. and provides a new idea for the treatment of nervous system diseases. In recent years, the research on NSCs has become increasingly in-depth, NSCs transplantation has become a research hotspot in the treatment of nervous system diseases,a large number of preclinical and clinical data have proved that NSCs transplantation is safe and effectiveness for the treatment of neurological disorder diseases.At present, a number of NSCs cell lines have entered the clinical trial and are expected to be used in the treatment of common neurological disorder, such as cerebral stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and so on.In the paper,the progress in the research of NSCs central nervous system disease therapywas summarized, and it provides some theoretical support for the research of NSCS transplantation for neurological disordertreatment.