目的 采用吗啡致小鼠慢传输型便秘模型，评价夏黄颗粒的治疗作用，并对其通便作用进行实验研究。方法 采用连续sc 2.5 mg/kg盐酸吗啡45 d致小鼠慢传输型便秘模型，观察夏黄颗粒的通便作用；采用1次性ip 5 mg/kg盐酸吗啡致小鼠小肠推进、胃排空抑制模型，观察夏黄颗粒对胃肠抑制的拮抗作用；采用测定小鼠小肠湿、干质量法，观察夏黄颗粒对肠水分吸收的作用；采用顺铂致大鼠异嗜模型，观察夏黄颗粒的止吐作用；采用吗啡致豚鼠离体回肠、结肠痉挛模型，观察夏黄颗粒的作用及机制。结果 与模型组比较，小鼠给药5 d，夏黄颗粒14.95、7.48 g生药/kg能显著增加慢传输型便秘小鼠的24 h排便量（P<0.05、0.01），继续给药至7 d，14.95、7.48 g生药/kg能显著增加小肠推进率、14.95 g生药/kg显著升高血清P物质含量（P<0.05、0.01）；给药1次，14.95、7.48 g生药/kg剂量组能显著增加小鼠小肠推进率、加快胃排空（P<0.01），14.95 g生药/kg显著增加小鼠小肠含水量（P<0.01）；大鼠给药3 d，10.35 g生药/kg剂量组能显著降低大鼠异嗜高岭土质量（P<0.05）；给药1次，2.49、1.25 mg生药/mL（浴槽终浓度）能显著降低吗啡所致痉挛性回肠的肠张力（P<0.01），2.49、1.25、0.62 mg生药/mL（浴槽终浓度）能显著降低吗啡所致痉挛性结肠的肠张力（P<0.05、0.01）。结论 夏黄颗粒对吗啡所致慢传输型便秘有显著的治疗作用，具有显著的通便、解痉、促进胃肠运动、肠吸收及止吐作用。

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Xiahuang Granules on slow transit constipation in mice induced by morphine, and study its laxative effect. Methods Chronic hypodermic morphine hydrochloride injection (2.5 mg/kg, 45 d) was used to establish slow transit constipation mice model to observe the defecation effect of Xia-huang granules. The antagonistic effects of Xiahuang Granules on gastrointestinal inhibition were observed by using the model of gastric emptying and intestinal propulsive inhibition in mice induced by morphine (5 mg/kg, ip). The effect of Xiahuang Granules on intestinal absorption was observed by weighing small intestine in mice. The antiemetic effect of Xiahuang Granules was observed by cisplatin pica model in rats. The effects and mechanism of Xiahuang Granules were investigated by using isolated ileum and colon models of spastic guinea pig induced by morphine. Results Compared with the model group, five days after the mice were given Xiahuang Granules, 14.95 and 7.48 g/kg of Xiahuang Granules significantly increased the 24-hour excretion of constipated mice with slow transmission constipation (P < 0.05 and 0.01). After seven days of continuous administration, 14.95 and 7.48 g/kg significantly promoted the intestinal propulsion rate, and 14.95g of crude drugs/kg significantly increased serum P content in serum (P < 0.05 and 0.01). One day after administration, 14.95 and 7.48 g/kg significantly increased the small intestine propulsion percentage of mice, accelerate gastric emptying, and14.95 g of crude drugs/kg increased the small intestine moisture content (P < 0.01). After three days of administration in rats, the weight of kaoling eated by rats was significantly decreased in the group of 10.35 g/kg dose (P < 0.05). 0.62, 1.25, and 2.49 mg/mL of Xiahuang Granules (final concentration of bath tank) significantly reduced the intestinal tension of normal ileum and colon, while 1.25, 2.49 mg/mL (final concentration of bath tank) significantly reduced the intestinal tension of spastic ileum and colon caused by morphine (P < 0.05 and 0.01). Conclusion Xiahuang Granules have obvious therapeutic effect on morphine-induced slow transit constipation with obvious functions of relieving constipation, relieving spasm, promoting gastrointestinal movement, intestinal absorption, and antiemetic effect.

天津市科技计划项目（14ZCZDSY00005）；天津科技支撑计划项目（15ZCZDSY00470）；天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划（14JCQNJC13800、15JCYBJC29500）