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[摘要]
银杏Ginkgo biloba的叶片和果实分别被《中国药典》收载,主要含有银杏黄酮、萜类内酯、酚酸类、异戊烯醇、甾体类等多种化学成分。以银杏提取物或有效成分开发的制剂有片剂、胶囊、颗粒剂、口服液、注射剂、滴丸、糖浆剂、酊剂等类型,临床上多用于心脑血管疾病的治疗,但也出现过敏、腹泻、出血、肝肾毒性等不良反应报道。对近年来有关银杏及其制剂的化学成分、剂型种类和临床出现的不良反应进行综述,以期为其深度开发与合理利用提供参考。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
The leaves and fruits of Ginkgo biloba L.are embodied in Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China, mainly contain ginkgo flavonoids, terpene lactones, phenolic acids, isopentenyl alcohol, steroids and other chemical compositions. The extract and active ingredients can be made into tablets, capsules, granules, oral liquid, injection, dripping pills, syrup, tincture and other formulations,clinically used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease treatment.The adverse reactions are allergies, diarrhea, bleeding, liver and kidney toxicity. This review contains the chemical composition, dosage form and clinical adverse reactions of Ginkgo biloba in recent years, for providing a reference of further development and rational utilization of this plant resource.
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