目的 比较大黄不同萃取物对成年雌性大鼠体质量及下丘脑、垂体结构的影响，进而筛选大黄生殖毒性主要萃取物。方法 采用极性梯度萃取法制备大黄水提物、氯仿萃取物、醋酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和水溶物，雌性成年大鼠随机分为对照组、大黄水提物组和各萃取物组，各组给药剂量均相当于大黄生药4.00 g/kg，连续ig给药60 d；计算大鼠给药前后体质量增长率；光镜下观察大鼠下丘脑弓状核神经元和垂体促性腺细胞病理学变化。结果 大黄水提物组大鼠体质量增长率低于对照组（P<0.05），其余各萃取物组明显高于对照组（P<0.01）；大黄水提物组大鼠下丘脑弓状核神经元出现染色质边际化，核膜界限不清，胞浆尼氏体溶解，也可见鬼影细胞，腺垂体细胞整体数目减少，细胞排列欠规则，细胞间窦状毛细血管增多，其余各萃取物组下丘脑弓状核和腺垂体未见明显病变。结论 长期大剂量ig大黄水提物可使大鼠体质量增长率降低，导致下丘脑弓状核和腺垂体发生形态学病理变化；其余各萃取物却使大鼠体质量增长率明显升高，且对下丘脑弓状核和腺垂体的组织结构影响不大。

Objective To compare the effects of different extracts of Rheum palmatum on weight and tissue structure of hypothalamusand and pituitary of adult female rats, and screen the main reproductive toxicity extract.Methods The water, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts and water-soluble substance of R. palmatum were prepared by polarity gradient extraction method. Female adult rats were randomly divided into blank control group, rhubarb water extract group, and different extracts groups. The dosage of all the groups was equivalent to 4.00 g/kg crude rhubarb. Rats were administered with extracts by gavage for 60 d. Body mass growth rate of rats were calculated before and after administration. The pathological changes of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons and pituitary gonadal cell were observed with light microscope.Results Compared with the blank control group, the body mass growth rate of rhubarb water extract group was decreased (P<0.05), while those in the different extracts groups were increased (P<0.01); The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons of rhubarb water extract group showed chromatin marginalization, nissl substance dissolving, fuzzy boundary of nuclear membrane, as well as hell cells, and the total number of adenohypophysis cells reduced and the cells arranged in irregular. However, there were no apparent pathologic changes in different extracts groups.Conclusion Rhubarb water extract administration by long-term dose can reduce weight growth rate and result in pathologic changes of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and adenohypophysis, while the different extracts can increase weight growth rate significantly and have little effects on the organizational structure of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and adenohypophysis.

河北省教育厅重大项目（2009301）