固有淋巴细胞（ILC）是先天免疫系统中的一类特殊淋巴细胞，广泛存在于黏膜组织中，根据其转录因子、表型标志物与细胞因子的表达可分为ILC1、ILC2、ILC3、ILCreg等不同亚群。ILC具有高度异质性，可通过分泌不同的细胞因子、相互转化等方式参与炎症微环境、肿瘤微环境的调控。越来越多的研究表明ILC与结肠炎相关性结直肠癌（CAC）的发展密切相关，可能成为逆转结肠炎向结直肠癌转化的重要因素。重点关注ILC1、ILC2、ILC3以及ILCreg等细胞亚群在CAC发展中的作用，加深对CAC病理过程的理解，并回顾肠ILC当前的相关治疗靶点或干预药物研究进展，为未来CAC的临床治疗和药物研发提供参考。

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a special type of lymphocytes in the innate immune system, which are widely present in mucosal tissues. According to the expression of transcription factors, phenotypic markers and cytokines, they can be divided into ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, ILCreg and other different subgroups. ILC are highly heterogeneous and can participate in the regulation of inflammatory microenvironment and tumor microenvironment by secreting different cytokines and transforming each other. More and more evidence suggests that ILC are closely related to the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and may be an important factor in reversing the transformation of colitis to colorectal cancer. This article focuses on the role of cell subsets such as ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, and ILCreg in the development of CAC, deepens the understanding of the pathological process of CAC, and reviews the current therapeutic targets or intervention drugs of intestinal innate lymphocytes. Research progress provides a reference for future clinical treatment and drug development of CAC.

R735.3

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82474217）； 天津市自然科学基金项目（23JCZXJC00150）