目的 建立经典名方小续命汤基准样品的UPLC特征图谱及多指标成分定量分析方法，研究其基准样品量质传递规律。方法 采用超高效液相色谱法（UPLC）建立小续命汤基准样品特征图谱，明确特征峰归属及量质传递情况。利用超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱（UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS）技术，建立覆盖全方12味药材共21种指标成分的定量分析方法，研究其量质传递规律。结果 建立了15批小续命汤基准样品的特征图谱，标定了21个特征峰，指认了其中11个特征峰信息。其中峰7、10（黄芩苷）、11、12、13（千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷）、14（汉黄芩苷）、19为黄芩专属峰；峰5（甘草苷）、15、16、17、18、20（甘草酸）为炒甘草专属峰；峰6、9（防己诺林碱）为防己专属峰；峰1（芍药苷）、3为白芍专属峰；峰4（升麻素苷）、8（5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷）为防风专属峰；峰2（阿魏酸）为川芎专属峰；峰21（6-姜辣素）为生姜专属峰。各批次间相似度均≥0.995。15批小续命汤基准样品中，麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、防己诺林碱、粉防己碱、人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Re、黄芩苷、肉桂醛、肉桂酸、甘草苷、甘草酸、芍药苷、阿魏酸、苦杏仁苷、次乌头碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱、苯甲酰新乌头原碱、升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷及6-姜辣素共21种指标成分的质量分数分别为1.109～1.704、0.324～0.545、0.371～1.297、0.577～1.324、0.159～0.256、0.157～0.284、17.223～21.873、1.350～1.918、1.424～2.053、2.078～3.053、3.067～3.761、4.006～5.055、0.199～0.270、0.547～0.819、0.001～0.008、0.002～0.003、3.284～6.027、0.024～0.056、0.671～0.951、0.376～0.579、0.153～0.242 mg·g^-1。19种指标成分的饮片至基准样品平均转移率分别为麻黄碱35.04%～55.48%、伪麻黄碱36.30%～60.44%、防己诺林碱22.40%～30.71%、粉防己碱19.16%～27.78%、人参皂苷Rg₁ 19.66%～32.26%、人参皂苷Re 23.15%～33.72%、黄芩苷48.38%～62.82%、肉桂醛14.53%～19.87%、甘草苷59.61%～91.22%、甘草酸35.80%～47.53%、芍药苷43.56%～58.70%、阿魏酸39.89%～58.10%、苦杏仁苷4.27%～5.66%、单酯型生物碱（苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱和苯甲酰新乌头原碱） 3 760.54%～7 390.92%、升麻素苷44.88%～66.33%、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷37.88%～59.81%、6-姜辣素16.64%～22.95%。结论 建立的特征图谱及含量测定方法专属性强、准确、可靠，能较为全面地反映小续命汤基准样品整体质量，结合量质传递分析，可为后续制剂的开发和质量控制提供理论依据。

Objective To establish the UPLC characteristic chromatogram and multi-index constituents content determination methods of benchmark samples of classical prescription Xiaoxuming Decoction, and to study its quantity-quality transmitting pattern. Methods A characteristic chromatogram detection method for benchmark samples of Xiaoxuming Decoction was established by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The attribution and quantity-quality transmitting of characteristic peaks in characteristic chromatograms were clarified. Quantitative determination methods for 21 constituents covering 12 traditional Chinese medicines in the benchmark samples were established by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). The quantity-quality transmitting relationship between decoction pieces and benchmark samples was analyzed. Results The characteristic chromatograms for 15 batches of benchmark samples were established. A total of 21 characteristic peaks were identified, and 11 characteristic peak information were recognised. Specific attributions are as follows: Peaks 7, 10 (baicalin), 11, 12, 13 (oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glucuronide), 14 (wogonoside), and 19 were specific to Scutellariae Radix; Peak 5 (liquiritin), 15, 16, 17, 18, and 20 (glycyrrhizic acid) were specific to stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; Peaks 6 and 9 (fangchinoline) were specific to Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix; Peak 1 (paeoniflorin) and Peak 3 were specific to Paeoniae Radix Alba; Peak 4 (prim-O-Glucosylcimifugin) and 8 (5-O-methylvisammioside) were specific to Saposhnikoviae Radix; Peak 2 (ferulic acid) was specific to Chuanxiong Rhizoma; Peak 21 (6-gingerol) was specific to Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. The similarity between each batch was ≥ 0.995. Quantitative analysis showed that the mass fraction of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, fangchinoline, tetrandrine, ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Re, baicalin, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, amygdalin, hypaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine, benzoylmesaconine, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside, and 6-gingerol in 15 benchmark samples were 1.109－1.704, 0.324－0.545, 0.371－1.297, 0.577－1.324, 0.159－ 0.256, 0.157－0.284, 17.223－21.873, 1.350－1.918, 1.424－2.053, 2.078－3.053, 3.067－3.761, 4.006－5.055, 0.199－0.270, 0.547－ 0.819, 0.001－0.008, 0.002－0.003, 3.284－6.027, 0.024－0.056, 0.671－0.951, 0.376－0.579, 0.153－0.242 mg·g^-1. The average transfer rates of 19 constituents from decoction pieces to benchmark samples were ephedrine 35.04%－55.48%, pseudoephedrine 36.30%－60.44%, fangchinoline 22.40%－30.71%, tetrandrine 19.16%－27.78%, ginsenoside Rg₁ 19.66%－32.26%, ginsenoside Re 23.15%－ 33.72%, baicalin 48.38%－ 62.82%, cinnamaldehyde 14.53%－ 19.87%, liquiritin 59.61%－ 91.22%, glycyrrhizic acid 35.80%－47.53%, paeoniflorin 43.56%－58.70%, ferulic acid 39.89%－58.10%, amygdalin 4.27%－5.66%, monoester-type alkaloids (benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine and benzoylmesaconine) 3 760.54%－7 390.92%, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin 44.88%－66.33%, 5-O-methylvisammioside 37.88% － 59.81% and 6-gingerol 16.64% － 22.95%. Conclusion The established characteristic chromatogram and determination methods exhibit specificity, accuracy, and reliability. They effectively reflect the overall quality of Xiaoxuming Decoction benchmark samples. Combined with quantity-quality transmitting analysis, these methods provide a theoretical basis for the development and quality control of subsequent preparations.

R283.6

经典名方产业技术创新战略联盟项目（232790492A）； 云南省基础研究重点项目（202301AS070070）；云南省兴滇英才计划创新团队项目