目的 综合评价辣木叶提取物对人脂质代谢异常HepG2细胞模型和小鼠高脂血症模型的脂质异常的调节作用，探讨辣木叶调血脂的主要物质基础。方法 制备辣木叶水提物及总黄酮冻干粉；建立油酸钠-钠棕榈酸酯（O-P）诱导的HepG2脂质代谢异常细胞模型，以及通过注射维生素D3并给予高脂饲料喂养的小鼠高脂血症模型； CCK-8检测细胞活性，油红O染色观察细胞中脂滴形成情况，酶标仪检测细胞及小鼠血清中三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ HDL-C）和丙二醛（ MDA）、谷胱甘肽（ GSH）、超氧化物歧化酶（ SOD）水平，综合评价辣木叶总黄酮体内外的调脂作用及其在辣木叶调脂功效中发挥的作用。结果 细胞学实验表明：辣木叶总黄酮降低TG、TC和MDA的作用与等效剂量辣木叶水提物作用相当（ P＞0.05），明显优于或相当于15.0 μmol·L^-1的辛伐他汀（ P＜0.01）；等效剂量的辣木叶总黄酮提高GSH、SOD的作用，与模型组相比有显著的统计学差异（ P＜0.01），但远远小于对应的辣木叶水提物（ P＜0.05）。动物实验表明：模型组小鼠的体质量以及血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、MDA、SOD的含量与对照组相比，均有显著的统计学差异（ P＜0.01）；辣木叶水提物中剂量组降低TG、TC、MDA和升高SOD以及高剂量组降低LDL-C和升高HDL-C的作用，分别与等效剂量辣木叶总黄酮（中、高剂量组）的作用一致，无组间差异（ P＞0.05），与辛伐他汀的作用相当或更优。结论 辣木叶总黄酮可能是辣木叶调脂作用的主要物质基础；调血脂与抗氧化作用有关，但可能还有其他成分或通过其他机制发挥调血脂作用。

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the regulatory effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on lipid abnormalities in human HepG2 hyperlipidemia cell model and hyperlipidemic animal model in mice, and to explore the main material basis of M. oleifera for regulating blood lipids. Methods The preparation of M. oleifera leaf aqueous extract (MOLAE) and total flavonoids (FMOL) was achieved in the form of freeze-dried powders. The HepG2 cell model with lipid metabolism disorders was established by sodium oleate and sodium palmitate, and the hyperlipidemia mouse model was induced through vitamin D₃ injection and a high-fat diet regimen. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, lipid droplet formation in cells was observed using Oil Red O staining, the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both cellular and mouse serum samples were determined using a microplate reader, these measurements were integrated to comprehensively evaluate the hypolipidemic effects of FMOL both in vitro and in vivo, as well as its role in the lipid-regulating efficacy of M. oleifera leaves. Results Cellular experiments demonstrated that the effects of FMOL in reducing TG, TC, and MDA were comparable to those of an equivalent dose of MOLAE (P > 0.05), and significantly better than or equivalent to 15.0 μmol·L^-1 simvastatin (P < 0.01); the effects of an equivalent dose of FMOL in increasing GSH and SOD showed significant statistical differences compared to the model group (P < 0.01), but were far less than those corresponding to MOLAE (P < 0.05). Animal experiments indicated that there were significant statistical differences in the body weight and serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, MDA, and SOD between the model group and the control group mice (P < 0.01). The medium dose group of MOLAE in reducing TG, TC, and MDA, and increasing SOD, as well as the high dose group in reducing LDL-C and increasing HDL-C, demonstrated effects that were consistent with those of the equivalent doses of FMOL (medium and high dose groups), with no significant intergroup differences (P > 0.05), and were comparable or superior to the effects of simvastatin (P > 0.05). Conclusion FMOL may be the main material basis for the lipid-lowering effects of M. oleifera leaf; regulating blood lipids is related to antioxidant effects (may not be the only mechanism); providing experimental basis for the development of M. oleifera leaf as a natural anti-lipid drug.

R285.5

深圳市医疗卫生三名工程项目（SZZYSM202111002）；全国中药特色技术传承人才培训项目（国中医药人教函[2023]96号）；鹏城歧黄工程中医药优秀人才培养项目；深圳市基础研究面上项目（JCYJ20220531102208019）；深圳市药学会医院药学研究基金项目（恒瑞基金，SZ2022A25）；深圳大学2024年度教改项目（聚徒＋学术）