间充质干细胞（MSCs）具有多种分化能力，可以直接迁移到损伤组织中并分化为肺泡上皮细胞，还可以分泌并释放多种细胞因子和外泌体，调节炎症和免疫反应。特发性肺纤维化（IPF）是与年龄相关、发病机制尚不明确的慢性进行性肺部疾病，临床上使用的吡非尼酮和尼达尼布仅能缓解症状。MSCs在治疗IPF方面具有广阔的应用前景，就目前关于MSCs治疗特发性肺纤维化的药理机制以及该疗法所存在的局限性进行综述和探讨。

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a variety of differentiation abilities, which can migrate directly to injured tissues and differentiate into alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, MSCs can secrete and release a variety of cytokines and exosomes to regulate inflammation and immune responses. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-related chronic progressive disease with an unclear pathogenesis. The probable pathogenesis of IPF is the recurrent injury of the genetically susceptible alveolar epithelium followed by an abnormal repair response of excessive collagen deposition. The clinical use of Pirfenidone and Nintedanib can only alleviate the disease status of IPF patients. MSCs has broad application prospects in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. To discuss the pharmacological mechanism of MSCs in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the limitations of this therapy.

中央引导地方科技发展专项（21ZYJDSY00120）