[关键词]
[摘要]
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类内源性的小分子单链非编码RNA,通过调节基因的表达在许多生命活动中起重要作用。在一些疾病(如癌症和自身免疫性疾病)发生时,miRNAs的表达谱可能发生改变,所以在药物的安全性评价中,其有望成为诊断或预后生物标志物。因此,准确测定miRNA的表达对于其应用十分重要。对传统的RNA印记(Northernblotting)、微阵列(microarray)和实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)以及一些新的miRNAs检测方法(如基于纳米材料的miRNAs检测、核酸扩增等技术)进行概述,并阐述了这些方法的优缺点。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of endogenous, small, single-stranded non-coding RNAs. Studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in many life activities by regulating gene expression. In addition, the expression profile of miRNAs may change when some diseases (such as cancer and autoimmune diseases) occur, miRNAs are expected to become diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in safety evaluation of drugs. Therefore, accurate detection of miRNA expression is very important for its application. The traditional methods of Northern blotting, microarray, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and some new methods of miRNAs detection, such as nanomaterial based miRNAs detection and nucleic acid amplification, are reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are described.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
“十三五”国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2018ZX09201017-001)