目的 回顾性分析2016—2018年南京市儿童医院铜绿假单胞菌的分布及其耐药特点。方法 对送检标本进行分离和培养，并对分离出的铜绿假单胞菌的分布及耐药性进行分析。结果 2016—2018年分离出铜绿假单胞菌分别为379、455和483株，检出率分别为4.17%、4.76%、5.15%，呈逐年递增。分离菌株数量最多的科室是普外科，共分离317株（24.07%）；标本来源以痰液为主，共737株（55.96%）。铜绿假单胞菌对大部分抗菌药物的耐药率较低，对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星的耐药率仅为0.30%、0.53%；对亚胺培南、氨曲南、哌拉西林的耐药率较高，但也仅为20.88%、17.62%、11.62%，对其余抗菌药物的耐药率均小于10%。共检出158株多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌，平均检出率为12%，检出较多的科室为新生儿重症监护室。结论 铜绿假单胞菌是儿童医院感染的常见致病菌，易产生多重耐药性，了解其临床分布和耐药性变迁，以期为临床治疗提供最新的耐药性资料，以便更好地控制铜绿假单胞菌的感染。

Objective To explore the distribution and drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Nanjing Children's Hospital from 2016 to 2018. Methods Samples were sent for separation and culture, and the distribution and drug resistance of P. aeruginosa were analyzed. Results From 2016 to 2018, 379, 455, and 483 strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated, with the detection rates of 4.17%, 4.76%, and 5.15%, respectively, increasing year by year. The department with the largest number of isolated strains was Department of General Surgery (317 strains), accounting for 24.07%. The main source of specimen was from sputum (737 strains), accounting for 55.96%. The drug resistance rates of P. aeruginosa against most antibiotics was lower, and the drug resistance rates against ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were 0.3% and 0.53%. The drug resistance rates of P. aeruginosa against imipenem, aztreonam, and piperacillin were 20.88%, 17.62%, and 11.62%, respectively. The drug resistance rates of P. aeruginosa against other antibiotics were lower than 10%. There were 158 strains of P. aeruginosa with multiple drug resistance with the average detection rate of 12%. The department with the largest number of isolated strains was neonatal intensive care unit. Conclusion P. aeruginosa is a common pathogen of the children's hospital infection, and it is easy to generate multiple drug resistance. Its clinical distribution and change of drug resistance are understood, so as to provide the latest drug resistance data for clinical treatment and better control the infection of P. aeruginosa.