目的 探讨郴州市第一人民医院调节水、电解质、酸碱平衡药与营养药所致药品不良反应的影响因素以及特点，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 收集郴州市第一人民医院2015年1月-2018年9月上报国家不良反应监测系统的调节水、电解质、酸碱平衡药及营养药致不良反应报告，采用回顾性调查方法对其进行统计分析。结果 108例发生不良反应的患者，女性（54.63%）稍高于男性（45.37%），年龄以<18岁为主（61.11%）。静脉滴注（87.04%）和联合用药（53.70%）容易引发不良反应。引发不良反应较多的药物为氨基酸类（35.22%）和维生素类（32.70%）。药品不良反应累及器官/系统主要为皮肤及其附件损害（26.11%）和循环系统（21.18%），主要发生于首次用药30 min内（69.44%）。不良反应的类型以一般类型为主（87.96%）。结论 调节水、电解质、酸碱平衡药与营养药所致不良反应与患者性别年龄、给药途径、联合用药，药品品种等因素相关，应加强用药监护，减少不良反应的发生。

Objective To explore the influencing factors and characteristics of adverse drug reactions induced by water, electrolyte, acid-base balance regulating drugs and nutritional drugs in Chenzhou No.1 People's Hospital, so as to provide reference for rational drug use. Methods Reports of adverse drug reactions induced by water, electrolyte, acid-base balance regulating drugs and nutritional drugs reported to the National Adverse Reaction Monitoring System from January 2015 to September 2018 were collected and analyzed by retrospective investigation method. Results All patients in the 108 cases, females (53.70%) were more than males (46.30%), and most of them were younger than 18 years old(61.11%). Most of the cases were induced by intravenous drip (58.49%) and drug combination (53.7%). The main cases were related with amino acids (35.22%) and vitamin (32.70%). The main organs/systems involved in the cases were the lesion of skin and its appendages (26.11%) and circulatory system (21.18%). Most of the adverse drug reactions happened in 30 min (69.44%). The most type of the ADR was "general ADR" (87.96%). Conclusion Adverse drug reactions induced by water, electrolyte, acid-base balance regulating drugs and nutritional drugs is associated with sex, age, route of administration, combination of drugs, and variety of drugs. Health care workers should strengthen drug monitoring to reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

郴州市第一人民医院院内课题一般项目（N2015-029）