目的 了解鄂尔多斯市中心医院抗菌药物致药品不良反应（ADR）发生的特点和规律，为促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法 收集2017年1月—2018年5月鄂尔多斯市中心医院上报国家ADR监测中心的所有抗菌药物致ADR报告270例，对其患者的年龄、性别、给药途径、抗菌药物种类、ADR累及器官/系统及处理情况等数据进行统计分析。结果 ADR报告中男性多于女性；<10岁和>60岁患者ADR发生率较高，分别占35.6%、29.6%；静脉给药途径ADR发生率最高，占95.6%；引发ADR最多的为头孢菌素类抗菌药物，占36.8%；ADR主要累及皮肤及其附件和消化系统，分别占47.7%、23.6%；大部分患者ADR给予对应处理预后较好；用药后1 d内发生ADR最多，占63.7%。结论 临床中应合理使用抗菌药物，对其潜在的不良反应加以重视，发现ADR后要及时处理，减少ADR造成的损害。

Objective To investigate the characteristics and regulations of antimicrobial drugs inducing adverse drug reactions(ADR)in Erdos Central Hospital, and to provide reference for promoting rational drug use. Methods ADR (270 cases) induced by antimicrobial drugs in Erdos Central Hospital from January 2017 to May 2018 were analyzed statistically according to patient's age and gender, route of administration, the type of antimicrobial drugs, organs/systems involved in ADR, processing situation, etc. Results Among ADR reports, the male was more than the female. There were a large number of ADR in patients with the age below 10 years old and above 60 years old, accounting for 35.6% and 29.6%. The incidence of ADR induced by intravenous route was the highest, accounting for 95.6%. Most of ADR was caused by cephalosporins, accounting for 36.8%. Lesion of skin and its accessories and digestive system injury were the main ADR, accounting for 47.7% and 23.6%; The prognosis was better after the corresponding treatment. ADR often occurred within 1 d after medication, accounting for 63.7%. Conclusion Antibiotics should be used reasonably in clinical practice and its potential adverse reactions should be paid attention to, and timely ADR disposal can reduce the damage caused by ADR.