目的 探讨2015— 2017年安徽省胸科医院呼吸科病原菌的分布及耐药性。方法 选取2015年1月— 2017年12月安徽省胸科医院呼吸科收治的呼吸道疾病患者2 183例进行回顾性分析。选取患者的痰液、支气管肺泡灌洗液等作为病原菌标本，对病原菌种类及分布、主要病原菌的耐药性进行分析。结果 2015— 2017年共培养出病原菌318株，其中革兰阴性菌159例，占50.00%；革兰阳性菌118例，占37.11%；真菌41例，占12.89%。革兰阳性菌中A群链球菌对万古霉素和替考拉宁敏感；肺炎链球菌对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药率较高。革兰阴性菌中铜绿假单胞菌对左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星最为敏感；肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林的耐药率最高；鲍曼不动杆菌对米诺环素和替加环素较为敏感。结论 治疗的过程中应做到合理使用抗生素等药物，根据患者的病状采取合适的治疗方式，减少病原菌耐药性的发生，从而进一步提高治疗的有效性。

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in Department of Respiratory in Anhui Chest Hospital from 2015 to 2017. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 2 183 patients with respiratory diseases admitted to Anhui Chest Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. The patient's sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, etc. were selected as pathogen specimens, and the types and distribution of pathogens and the resistance of major bacteria were analyzed. Results A total of 318 pathogens were cultured from 2015 to 2017, including 159 strains of Gram-negative bacilli, accounting for 50.00%, and 118 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 37.11%. Fungi were 41 strains, accounting for 12.89%. Group A streptococcus in Gram-positive bacteria was sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Streptococcus pneumoniae was more resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Gram-negative bacteria was most sensitive to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest resistance rate to ampicillin. Acinetobacter baumannii was more sensitive to minocycline and tigecycline. Conclusion In the course of treatment, rational use of antibiotics and other drugs should be carried out, and appropriate treatment methods should be adopted according to the patient's condition to reduce the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria resistance, thereby further improving the effectiveness of the treatment.