抑郁症是一种慢性复发性精神疾病，传统抗抑郁药通常需要连续几周的治疗才能发挥显著的治疗效果。N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂氯胺酮的上市为速效抗抑郁药物的研发打开了一个全新的视角，胆碱能受体阻滞剂东莨菪碱、5-HT2A受体激动剂赛洛西宾也表现出快速抗抑郁的作用潜力。归纳了谷氨酸能速效抗抑郁药、胆碱能受体拮抗剂、5-HT2A受体激动剂（致幻剂）速效抗抑郁药的药理学靶点研究，分析了新靶点的可能策略，以期对未来抗抑郁药物研究方向有所启示。

Depression is a chronic recurrent mental illness, and traditional antidepressants usually require several weeks of continuous use to achieve significant therapeutic effects. The launch of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine has opened up a new perspective for the development of rapid acting antidepressants. Cholinergic receptor blocker scopolamine and 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocybine have also shown potential for rapid antidepressant effects. This article summarizes the pharmacological target of rapid acting antidepressants glutamic acid rapid acting antidepressants, cholinergic receptor antagonists, and 5-HT2A receptor agonists (hallucinogens), analyzes possible strategies for new targets, with the aim of providing insights for future research on antidepressants.

R971

四川省区域创新合作任务（2020YFQ0010）