目的 探讨小儿肺咳颗粒联合哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠治疗婴幼儿支气管肺炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2021年3月—2023年2月沧州市人民医院收治的120例婴幼儿支气管肺炎患儿，按随机数字表法将患者分对照组（60例）和治疗组（60例）。对照组患儿静脉滴注注射用哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠，3.375 g/次加入生理盐水100 mL，1次/d。在对照组的基础上，治疗组口服小儿肺咳颗粒，1袋/次，3次/d。两组用药7 d观察疗效。观察两组患儿临床疗效，比较治疗前后两组患儿症状改善时间，白细胞（WBC）和中性粒细胞（NE）水平，及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、降钙素原（PCT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平，及不良反应情况。结果 治疗后，治疗组总有效率（98.33%）明显高于对照组（83.33%，P＜0.05）。治疗后，治疗组肺部啰音、发热、气促、咳嗽改善时间均明显短于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿WBC、NE、LDH、PCT、TNF-α、CRP水平均明显低于治疗前（P＜0.05），且治疗组这些指标明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，治疗组不良反应发生率为5.01%，明显低于对照组（13.33%，P＜0.05）。结论 小儿肺咳颗粒联合哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠治疗婴幼儿支气管肺炎，可有效改善肺炎咳嗽、发热等症状，显著恢复肝功能，明显减弱肺部炎性反应。

Objective To explore the clinical effect of Xiao’er Feike Granules combined with piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium in treatment of infantile bronchopneumonia. Methods Children (120 cases) with bronchopneumonia in Cangzhou People’s Hospital from March 2021 to February 2023 were were divided into control group (60 cases) and treatment group (60 cases) according to random number table method. Children in the control group were iv administered with Piperacillin Sodium and Tazobactam Sodium for injection, 3.375 g/time added into normal saline 100 mL, once daily. Children in the treatment group were po administered with Xiao’er Feike Granules on the basis of the control group, 1 bag/time, three times daily. Children in two groups were treated for 7 d. After treatment, the clinical evaluations were evaluated, the symptom relief time, the levels of WBC, NE, CRP, PCT, LDH and TNF-α, and adverse reactions in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical effective rate of the treatment group (98.33%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (83.33%, P < 0.05). After treatment, the improvement time of lung rales, fever, shortness of breath and cough in the treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of WBC, NE, LDH, PCT, TNF-α and CRP in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and these indexes in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions (5.01%) in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (13.33%, P<0.05). Conclusion Xiao’er Feike Granules combined with piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium in treatment of infantile bronchopneumonia is effective in improving symptoms such as pneumonia, cough, fever and other symptoms, which also can significantly restore liver function, and weaken pulmonary inflammatory reaction.

R974

河北省医学科学研究课题计划（20232096）