糖尿病肾脏病是糖尿病常见微血管并发症，起病隐匿，是以蛋白尿为显著特征的进行性肾功能衰退疾病，是导致终末期肾病、诱发心血管疾病和早发死亡的重要危险因素。小分子药物是化学合成的活性物质，通常相对分子质量小于1 000，其发挥作用的实质是药物与靶蛋白之间的相互作用。小分子药物可通过改善血流动力学、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肾间质纤维化等多种途径发挥防治糖尿病肾脏病的作用。综述了多种小分子药物防治糖尿病肾病的药理作用及其机制，旨在为早期干预或延缓糖尿病肾病进展的治疗和联合用药提供思路。

Diabetes kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes, with hidden onset. It is a progressive renal function decline disease characterized by proteinuria, and is an important risk factor leading to end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and early death. Small molecule drugs are chemically synthesized active substances with a relative molecular weight of less than 1 000, and their essence of action are the interactions between the drugs and the target proteins. Small molecule drugs can play a role in preventing and treating DKD by improving hemodynamics, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-renal interstitial fibrosis, and other ways. This article reviews the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of various small molecule drugs in the prevention and treatment of DKD, in order to provide ideas for early intervention or delay the treatment of progress of DKD and the combination of drugs.

R977

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（82304809）