目的 探讨黄龙止咳颗粒联合孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿急性支气管炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2021年8月—2022年8月在南京医科大学第四附属医院治疗的急性支气管炎患儿126例，随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组各63例。对照组患儿口服孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片，2～5岁患儿4 mg/次，6～13岁患儿5 mg/次，1次/d。治疗组患儿在对照组的基础上口服黄龙止咳颗粒，2～3岁患儿3 g/次，4～7岁患儿6 g/次，8～13岁患儿10 g/次，3次/d。两组患儿均连续治疗7 d。观察两组患儿临床疗效，比较治疗前后两组患儿临床症状消失时间，血清C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和降钙素原（PCT）水平，及免疫功能。结果 治疗后，治疗组的总有效率为95.24%，明显高于对照组的84.13%（P＜0.05）。治疗后，治疗组咳痰、咳嗽、肺部湿啰音消失时间明显短于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组血清CRP、IL-1β、PCT水平降低，而免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、IgG水平明显升高（P＜0.05），且治疗组血清炎性因子水平和免疫功能明显好于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 黄龙止咳颗粒联合孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿急性支气管炎具有较好的临床疗效，且可有效降低血清炎症因子水平，提升患儿的免疫功能。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Huanglong Zhike Granules combined with montelukast sodium in treatment of children with acute bronchitis. Methods Children (126 cases) with acute bronchitis in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2021 to August 2022 were randomly divided into control and treatment group, and each group had 63 cases. Children in the control group were po administered with Montelukast Sodium Chewable Tablets, 4 mg/time for 2-5 years old Children, 5 mg/time for 6-13 years old Children, once daily. Children in the treatment group were po administered with Huanglong Zhike Granules on the basis of the control group, 3 g/time for 2-3 years old Children, 6 g/time for 4-7 years old Children, 10 g/time for 8-13 years old Children, 3 times daily. Children in two groups were treated for 7 d. After treatment, the clinical evaluation was evaluated, and the disappearance time of clinical symptom, serum inflammatory factors CRP, IL-1β, and PCT levels, and immune function in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical effective rate of the treatment group was 95.24%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (84.13%, P < 0.05). After treatment, the disappearance time of clinical symptoms in the treatment group was significantly earlier than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum CRP, IL-1β, and PCT in two groups were decreased, while the levels of IgA and IgG were significantly increased (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum inflammatory factors and immune function in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Huanglong Zhike Granule combined with montelukast sodium in treatment of children with acute bronchitis has good clinical efficacy, and can effectively reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors, improve the immune function of children.

R974

江苏省科学技术厅项目（BK20200205）