目的 比较不同方法煅制白矾的化学成分和药效作用。方法 采用传统方法、减压干燥、马弗炉、微波煅制白矾样品。使用扫描电镜对微观形貌进行分析，采用热重、热重-质谱联用分析技术对白矾随温度变化时的质量、物质组成情况进行分析，采用重量法测定失水率，采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法对白矾和不同方法煅制白矾中微量元素进行测定，采用滴定法对KA1(SO₄)₂进行测定，并比较不同方法煅制白矾的抑菌作用、抗炎作用。结果 白矾经煅制后表面出现褶皱，内部呈现疏松多孔的结构。传统方法煅制白矾中砷、钡、铁、铬、镁等金属离子含量较其他炮制方法高。随着温度升高，白矾失水、脱水、释放出二氧化硫，KA1(SO₄)₂发生了分解。不同方法煅制白矾均能增强其抑菌和抗炎作用，其中传统方法煅制的药效作用最优。结论 白矾经煅制后，化学成分的变化与药效作用密切相关，传统煅制白矾的药效作用更佳。

Objective To compare the chemical components and pharmacodynamic effects of Alumen processed by different methods. Methods Alumen samples were prepared using traditional methods, vacuum drying, muffle furnace, and microwave calcination. The microscopic morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscope energy spectrum (SEM-EDS), and the mass and material composition of Alumen as it changes with temperature were analyzed using thermogravimetric (TG) and thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG-MS). The water loss rate was measured using gravimetric methods, trace elements in Alumen and calcined Alumen by different methods were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and KAl(SO₄)₂ was measured using titrimetric methods. Bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory effects of calcined Alumen by different methods were compared. Results After calcination, the surface of Alumen can form folds and the interior forms a porous structure. The content of metal ions such as As, Ba, Fe, Cr, and Mn in traditional methods of calcining Alumen is higher than that in other processing methods. As the temperature increases, the Alumen loses water, dehydrates, and releases sulfur dioxide, and KAl(SO₄)₂ decomposes. Alumen processed by different methods can enhance its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and Alumen processed by traditional method has the best pharmacological effect. Conclusion After calcination of Alumen, the changes in chemical components are closely related to the pharmacological effects, and Alumen prepared by traditional calcination method has better pharmacological effects.

R286.02

国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1707203）