目的 探讨小儿麻甘颗粒联合吸入用布地奈德混悬液治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的临床治疗效果。方法 选取2020年6月—2022年5月在周口市中医院就诊的82例毛细支气管炎患儿，按照随机数字表法将所有患儿分为对照组和治疗组，每组各41例。对照组雾化吸入吸入用布地奈德混悬液，0.5 mg/次，2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服小儿麻甘颗粒，1岁以下：0.8 g/次，1～3岁：1.6 g/次，4岁及以上：2.5 g/次，4次/d。两组连续治疗7 d。观察两组的临床疗效，比较两组的主要症状消失时间、肺通气功能和血清指标的水平。结果 治疗后，治疗组的总有效率为95.12%，明显高于对照组的总有效率80.49%，组间比较差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）。治疗后，治疗组咳嗽、哮鸣音、气喘、肺部阴影消失时间均明显短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组的呼吸频率（RR）显著降低，呼气峰流速值（PEF）、吸呼比（tI/tE）显著升高（P＜0.05）；治疗组的RR低于对照组，PEF、tI/tE高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组的血清白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、转化生长因子β₁（TGF-β₁）水平明显降低，血清白细胞介素-35（IL-35）水平明显升高（P＜0.05）；治疗组的血清IL-4、TGF-β₁水平低于对照组，血清IL-35水平高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 小儿麻甘颗粒联合吸入用布地奈德混悬液可有效治疗小儿毛细支气管炎，能减轻临床症状，改善患儿的肺通气功能，降低炎症反应。

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Xiaoer Magan Granules combined with Budesonide Suspension for inhalation in treatment of infant bronchiolitis. Methods Patients (82 cases) with infant bronchiolitis in Zhoukou Hospital of TCM from June 2020 to May 2022 were divided into control and treatment groups according to the random number table method, and each group had 41 cases. Patients in the control group were atomization inhalation administered with Budesonide Suspension for inhalation, 0.5 mg/time, twice daily. Patients in the treatment group were po administered with Xiaoer Magan Granules on the basis of the control group, under 1 year old: 0.8 g/time, 1-3 years old: 1.6 g/time, 4 years old and above: 2.5 g/time, four times daily. Patients in two groups were treated for 7 d. After treatment, the clinical efficacies were evaluated, and the disappearance time of main symptoms, pulmonary ventilation function, and serum index level in two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group was 95.12%, which was significantly higher than 80.49% of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the disappearance times of cough, wheezing, asthma, and lung shadow in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, RR in two groups were significantly decreased, but PEF and tI/tE in two groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05). RR in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, but PEF and tI/tE in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-4 and TGF-β₁ in two groups were significantly decreased, but the serum levels of IL-35 were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The serum levels of IL-4 and TGF-β₁ in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, but the serum levels of IL-35 were higher than those in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion Xiaoer Magan Granules combined with Budesonide Suspension for inhalation has clinical curative effect in treatment of infant bronchiolitis, can reduce clinical symptoms, improve children’s pulmonary ventilation function, and reduce inflammatory reaction.

R974;R985

河南省医学科技攻关计划（联合共建项目）（2018020674）