目的 探讨细菌溶解产物联合阿奇霉素注射剂治疗反复性儿童呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法 选择2019年1月—2021年10月在淮南阳光新康医院儿科诊疗的90例呼吸道感染患儿，随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组各45例。对照组患儿静脉滴注盐酸阿奇霉素注射液，0.15 g/次加入到5%葡萄糖注射液250 mL，1次/d。在对照组的基础上，治疗组空腹口服细菌溶解产物胶囊，1粒/次，1次/d。两组患儿治疗5 d。观察两组患儿临床疗效，比较治疗前后两组患儿症状好转时间，血清因子白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原（PCT）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和C反应蛋白（CRP）水平及不良反应情况。结果 治疗后，治疗组总有效率为97.78%，明显高于对照组的77.78%（P＜0.05）。治疗后，治疗组发热、咳嗽、鼻塞、流涕好转时间均明显早于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿血清因子IL-6、PCT、TNF-α、CRP水平均明显降低（P＜0.05），且治疗组明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗期间，治疗组患者不良反应发生率为6.67%，明显低于对照组的13.33%（P＜0.05）。结论 细菌溶解产物联合阿奇霉素注射剂治疗反复性儿童呼吸道感染能有效改善症状，有效降低机体炎性反应。

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of bacterial lysate combined with azithromycin in treatment of recurrent childhood respiratory tract infections. Methods Children (90 cases) with recurrent respiratory tract infections in Huainan Yangguang Xinkang Hospital from January 2019 to October 2021 were randomly divided into control and treatment group, and each group had 45 cases. Children in the control group were iv administered with Azithromycin Hydrochloride Injection, 0.15 g added into 5% glucose injection 250 mL, once daily. Children in the treatment group were po administered with Bacterial Lysates (Broncho-Vaxom) on the basis of the control group, 1 grain/time, once daily. Children in two groups were treated for 5 d. After treatment, the clinical evaluation was evaluated, the improvement time of symptoms, the levels of IL-6, PCT, TNF-α, and CRP, and adverse reactions in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical effective rate in the treatment group was 97.78%, which was significantly higher than 77.78% in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the improvement time of fever, cough, nasal congestion, and runny nose in the treatment group was significantly earlier than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-6, PCT, TNF-α, and CRP were significantly decreased in two groups (P < 0.05), and the level in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). During the treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was 6.67%, which was significantly lower than 13.33% in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Bacterial lysate combined with azithromycin in treatment of recurrent childhood respiratory tract infections can effectively improve the symptoms, and reduce the inflammatory reaction.

R914