目的 探讨湖北海棠Malus hupehensis(Pamp.) Rehd.叶总黄酮对衰老大鼠认知功能障碍的影响。方法 选取48只雌性SD大鼠，随机分为对照组、模型组、VC组及湖北海棠叶总黄酮高、中、低剂量组（150、300、600 mg/kg），每组8只。其中模型组大鼠ip D-半乳糖200 mg/kg，对照组ig给予等量生理盐水；VC组ig VC溶液200 mg/kg；湖北海棠叶总黄酮组ig湖北海棠叶总黄酮150、300、600 mg/kg。连续给药6周，并根据体质量调整给药量。记录大鼠日常活动能力、体质量、记忆功能、氧化指标、炎性因子和病理变化的情况。结果 与对照组比较，模型组大鼠体质量减轻，学习记忆能力减退，并且脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力显著下降（P＜0.01），MDA水平显著增加（P＜0.01）。大鼠脑组织中炎性因子一氧化氮（NO）、总一氧化氮合成酶（T-NOS）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）含量显著增加（P＜0.01）。与模型组比较，湖北海棠叶总黄酮能显著缩短Morris水迷宫实验中衰老大鼠到达平台的潜伏期和到平台的距离，并降低其穿越平台的次数（P＜0.01）；湖北海棠叶总黄酮能够显著提高脑组织中抗氧化酶SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性，降低MDA水平（P＜0.05、0.01）；湖北海棠叶总黄酮还可显著降低炎性因子NO、T-NOS和iNOS含量（P＜0.05、0.01）。结论 湖北海棠叶总黄酮对衰老大鼠的认知功能障碍有改善作用，其机制与通过抗氧化、抗炎作用、恢复神经细胞完整性有关。

Objective To investigate the effects of total flavonoids of Malus hupehensis leaves on the cognition impairment of aging rats. Methods A total of 48 female SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, VC group, and total flavonoids of Malus hupehensis leaves high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups (150, 300, 600 mg/kg), with 8 rats in each group. Model group was ip D-galactose 200 mg/kg, and control group was given normal saline intragaally. VC group ig VC solution 200 mg/kg; total flavonoids of Malus hupehensis leaves group was given 150, 300, 600 mg/kg. Dosing lasted for 6 weeks and was adjusted according to body mass. Daily activity ability, body weight, memory function, oxidation index, inflammatory factors and pathological changes of rats were recorded. Results Compared with the control group, the body weight and learning and memory ability of model group were decreased, and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in brain tissue were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), while the level of MDA was significantly increased (P < 0.01). The contents of inflammatory factors NO, TNOS, and iNOS in rat brain tissue were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with model group, total flavonoids of Malus hupehensis leaves could significantly shorten the latency and distance of reaching platform, and reduce the times of crossing platform in Morris water maze test (P < 0.01). Total flavonoids of Malus hupehensis leaves could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in brain tissue, and reduce the level of MDA (P < 0.05, 0.01). The contents of inflammatory factors NO, T-NOS, and iNOS were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, 0.01). Conclusion Total flavonoids of Malus hupehensis leaves has an ameliorative effect on cognitive impairment in aging rats, and the mechanism is related to the restoration of neuronal cell integrity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

R285.5

国家自然科学基金资助项目(81202905);陕西中医药大学学科创新团队项目(2019-YL11);陕西省教育厅科研项目(15JF015)