目的 探讨2017—2020年西安市中医医院常见革兰阴性杆菌耐药率与抗菌药物使用强度（AUD）间的相关性，为抗菌药物临床应用管理和合理用药提供参考。方法 回顾性统计2017—2020年西安市中医医院大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌分离率、耐药率以及住院患者AUD，应用Spearman相关法对AUD与革兰阴性杆菌耐药率进行相关性分析。结果 大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌占总分离菌株的58.62%。第3代头孢菌素、喹诺酮类药物AUD持续排名前2位。大肠埃希菌对阿米卡星耐药率与对应AUD呈极强负相关，对头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟耐药率与对应AUD呈极强正相关。结论 细菌耐药率与AUD存在相关性，医院应注重细菌耐药与抗菌药物用量监测，持续加强抗菌药物管理，多方协作遏制细菌耐药。

Objective To investigate the correlation between drug resistance rates of gram-negative bacilli and AUD in Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2017 to 2020, and to provide reference for clinical application management and rational drug use of antibiotics. Methods The isolation rate and drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and AUD of inpatients in Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2017 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Spearman correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between AUD and the drug resistance rate of gram-negative bacteria. Results Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 58.62% of the total isolates. The third generation cephalosporins and quinolones' AUD continuously ranked the top two. The drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli to amikacin was strongly negatively correlated with corresponding AUD, while the drug resistance rate to cefuroxime and cefotaxime was strongly positively correlated with corresponding AUD. Conclusion Bacterial drug resistance rate is correlated with AUD. Hospital should pay attention to monitor the bacterial drug resistant and antibacterial consumption, and continue to strengthen the supervision of antibacterial. Through cooperation with different departments to curb bacterial drug resistant together.

R978.1

陕西省公共卫生发展资助项目（陕中医药发【2021】2号）