抗生素的发现和使用是20世纪最伟大的成就之一。随着抗生素的广泛应用，抗生素耐药成为药物使用时应重点关注的问题。抗生素耐药主要与细菌的自然选择、抗生素不合理使用有关，同时也使得抗生素新药的开发存在着诸多挑战。世界卫生组织（WHO）一直关注抗生素的危害和耐药问题，认为这些问题已经成为公共卫生和可持续医疗的最严重挑战。对抗生素耐药现状、原因、机制和抗生素新药开发的研究进展进行综述，为应对抗生素耐药，需要全球医学家、企业家、各国政府和公众共同努力，相信一定可以找到解决抗生素耐药的适宜途径。

The discovery and use of antibiotics was one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century. With the widespread use of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance has become an issue that should be a key concern when this class of drugs is used. Antibiotic resistance is mainly related to natural selection of bacteria and irrational use of antibiotics, and it also makes the development of new antibiotic drugs challenging in many ways. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been concerned about the harm of antibiotics and new problems of drug resistance. These issues have been identified as the most serious challenges to public health and sustainable health care. This article reviews the current situation, cause, mechanism of antibiotic resistance and the research progress of new antibiotics. In order to deal with antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to work together with global medical scientists, entrepreneurs, governments, and the public, and there must be an appropriate way to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance.

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