目的 考察黄芪注射液对慢性脑缺血大鼠的影响及体外对缺血神经细胞的保护作用。方法 采用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉建立慢性脑缺血大鼠模型，将造模成功大鼠随机分为4组：模型组、假手术组、黄芪注射液组、尼莫地平阳性药物组，每组10只，各组于术后3 d给药治疗，1次/d，连续60 d。给药结束用开场实验和Morris水迷宫实验评价各组大鼠焦虑情绪与学习记忆能力，HE染色观察海马区细胞形态变化。采用连二亚硫酸钠法诱导PC12细胞建立缺糖缺氧/复糖复氧（OGD/R）损伤模型，通过MTT法检测细胞活力，流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率，评价黄芪注射液对体外缺血神经细胞的影响。结果 旷场实验中，与模型组相比，黄芪注射液组大鼠第1～3天的站立次数显著减少（P<0.05、0.01），第3天的运动距离明显缩短（P<0.05）；水迷宫实验中，与模型组相比，黄芪注射液组大鼠定位航行实验第2天开始平均逃避潜伏期明显缩短（P<0.05、0.01），空间探索实验的穿越平台次数显著增多（P<0.01）；HE染色结果显示：模型组大鼠海马较多锥体细胞固缩深染且细胞形状不规则，黄芪注射液能有效改善海马区神经元细胞损伤。与对照组相比，模型组PC12细胞存活率显著降低（P<0.01）；与模型组相比，40、200 mg/mL的黄芪注射液均可显著提高OGD/R PC12细胞的存活率（P<0.01）；与模型组相比，200 mg/mL黄芪注射液可显著降低PC12细胞凋亡率（P<0.01）。结论 黄芪注射液能在一定程度上缓解慢性脑缺血模型大鼠的认知功能障碍，同时体外促进缺血PC12细胞存活，其作用机制可能与调控细胞凋亡有关。

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Astragalus Injection on chronic cerebral ischemia rats and ischemic nerve cells in vitro. Methods In vivo experiment:Chronic cerebral ischemia rat model was established by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:model group, sham operation group, Astragalus Injection group, and positive drug group, with 10 rats in each group. Each group was given medicine 3 days after operation, once daily for consecutive 60 days. After administration, the anxiety and learning and memory ability were evaluated by the opening experiment and Morris water maze test, and the morphological changes of cells in the hippocampus were observed by HE staining. In vitro experiment:PC12 cells were induced by sodium disulfite method to establish glucose deficiency hypoxia/glucose reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury model, cell viability was detected by MTT assay, cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry, and the effect of astragalus injection on ischemic nerve cells in vitro was evaluated. Results In the opening experiment, compared with the model group, the standing times of rats in the astragalus injection group were significantly reduced from day 1 to day 3 (P < 0.05, 0.01), and the movement distance on day 3 was significantly shortened (P < 0.05). In the water maze test, compared with the model group, the average escape latency of rats in Astragalus Injection group was significantly shortened from second day of positioning navigation test (P < 0.05, 0.01), and the number of times of crossing platform in space exploration test was significantly increased (P < 0.01). The results of HE staining showed that there were many pyramidal cells pyknosis and deep staining in the hippocampus of the model group, and the shape of the cells was irregular. Astragalus Injection group could effectively improve the damage of neurons in the hippocampus. Compared with the control group, the survival rate of PC12 cells in model group was statistically significant decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with model group, 40 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL Astragalus Injection could significantly improve the survival rate of PC12 cells (P < 0.01). Compared with model group, 200 mg/mL Astragalus Injection could significantly reduce the apoptosis rate of PC12 cells (P < 0.01). Conclusion Astragalus Injection can alleviate the cognitive impairment of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia to a certain extent, and promote the survival of PC12 cells after ischemia in vitro, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of cell apoptosis.

R971

四川省科技厅项目（20ZDYF2365）；四川省大学生创新创业项目（202013705043）