目的 了解南阳市中心医院抗菌药物致严重药品不良反应（ADR）发生的特点和规律，为临床安全合理使用抗菌药物提供参考依据。方法 收集南阳市中心医院2016年1月—2021年6月上报国家ADR监测中心的抗菌药物致严重药品不良反应185例，对患者年龄及性别、给药途径、抗菌药物种类分布、ADR发生时间、累及系统/器官及临床表现等进行回顾性分析。结果 185例由抗菌药物所致严重ADR中，<18岁患者比例最高（39.46%）；静脉给药占比最多（90.46%）；头孢菌素类药物引起严重ADR最多（27.57%）；皮肤及其附件损害最常见（40.16%）。结论 应加强抗菌药物严重ADR的监测，优化抗菌药物供应目录，规范抗菌药物使用，保障临床用药安全、合理、有效。

Objective To investigate the characteristics and patterns of serious adverse drug reactions (ADR) of antibacterials in Nanyang Central Hospital, and provide data references for clinical safety and reasonable use of antibacterials. Methods A total of 185 cases of serious ADRs caused by antibacterials, which were reported to the national ADR surveillance from January 2016 to June 2021 in Nanyang Central Hospital were collected for retrospective analysis based on patients' age, sex, route of administration, categories of antibacterials, occurrence time, system/organ involvement, clinical manifestations and ADR distribution. Results Serious ADR mainly occurred in patients aged 0-17 years old, which had the highest rate as 39.46%. 90.46% of serious ADR was occurred with the administration route of intravenous infusion. Most serious ADR (27.57%) was caused by cephalosporins. Skin and its appendants were the most common, accounting for 40.16%. Conclusion Medical institution should enhance serious ADR monitoring, optimize the supply catalogue and standardize the use of antibacterials in order to promote drug safety, rational and effective use of antibacterials.

R978.1

中国药学会科技开发中心项目（CMEI2021KPYJ00113）