辣椒素是从辣椒中提取的天然产品，可以激活瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1（TRPV1）受体，它们的分子作用模式涉及重要的生理过程，这些过程是疼痛和内源性调节机制的基础。TRPV1和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体均广泛分布和表达于多种组织器官中，均具有较为复杂的生物学功能，这也预示着它们之间关系的探索，将为更多实验研究提供理论基础，并对新型药物的研发及临床应用有着深远意义。总结了TRPV1与背根神经节NMDA受体之间相互作用与瑞芬太尼痛觉过敏的关系、与神经毒性和神经保护间的关系以及与抗焦虑样效应间的关系的研究进展。

Capsaicin is a natural product extracted from Capsicum annuum L., which can activate the transient potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) receptor. Its molecular mechanisms of action involve important physiological processes, which are the basis of pain and endogenous regulation mechanism. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type1 and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors distribute and express widely in various tissues and organs, and they all have complex biological functions. This indicates that the exploration of the relationship between TRPV1 and NMDA receptors will provide a theoretical basis for more experimental studies. Also this has far-reaching significance for the development and clinical application of new drugs. This review summarizes the research progress on the interaction between TRPV1 and NMDA receptors whose relationship with remifentanil hyperalgesia, relationship with neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, and relationship with anti-anxiety-like effects.

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