目的 探究2016—2018年佛山市中医院重症监护室感染性疾病病原菌的分布及耐药性。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月—2018年12月佛山市中医院重症监护室感染性疾病病原菌的分布，采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法对其耐药性进行检测。结果 共分离出4 217株病原菌，真菌417株（9.89%），以白假丝酵母菌为主；革兰阳性菌1 569株（37.21%），以金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌为主；革兰阴性菌2 231株（52.90%），以大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌为主；白假丝酵母菌对伏力康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑、伊曲康唑等抗菌药物的耐药率较低；肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素、四环素、克林霉素、诺氟沙星的耐药率高，对万古霉素、头孢唑啉的耐药率很低；鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢吡肟、头孢西丁、依替米星具有较高的耐药率；大肠埃希菌对头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟具有较高的耐药率，对阿米卡星、哌拉西林、亚胺培南的耐药率低。结论 佛山市中医院重症监护室感染的病原菌主要为条件致病菌，耐药性严重，应定期分析病原菌的耐药性，指导医生合理使用抗菌药物。

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of infectious diseases in intensive care unit of Foshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from 2016 to 2018. Methods The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in intensive care unit of Foshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 was retrospectively analyzed. The drug resistance was detected by Kirby-Bauer paper diffusion method. Results A total of 4 217 pathogens were isolated, fungi (417 strains) accounted for 9.89%, and main of them was Candida albicans. Gram-positive bacteria bacteria were 1 569 strains (37.21%), and main of them were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia. Gram-negative bacteria were 2 231 strains (52.90%), and main of them were Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. The drug resistance rate of C. albicans against fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, and itraconazole were low. S. pneumoniae and S. aureus had low drug resistance against penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin, and norfloxacin, but had high drug resistance against vancomycin and cefazolin. The drug resistance rate of A. baumannii against cefepime, cefoxitin, and etimicin were high. E. coli had high drug resistance against against cefepime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, and cefotaxime, while had low drug resistance against amikacin, piperacillin, and imipenem.Conclusion The pathogens in the intensive care unit of Foshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital are mainly pathogenic bacteria, and the drug resistance is serious. The drug resistance of pathogens should be analyzed regularly to guide doctors to use antibiotics rationally.