目的 探讨小儿牛黄清心散联合左乙拉西坦片治疗小儿热性惊厥的临床疗效。方法 选取2015年10月-2018年6月连云港市第二人民医院收治的126例小儿热性惊厥患者作为研究对象，根据治疗方法的不同，将患者分为对照组和治疗组，每组各63例。对照组口服左乙拉西坦片，初始剂量为15 mg/kg，2次/d，第8~12天剂量为10 mg/kg，2次/d，第13~15天剂量为5 mg/kg，2次/d，第l6天停药。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服小儿牛黄清心散，1岁以内，0.5袋/次，1~3岁，1袋/次，3岁以上，1.5袋/次，2次/d。两组患儿均治疗15 d，并随访1年。观察两组的临床疗效，比较两组的临床症状改善情况、脑神经因子水平。结果 治疗后，对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为81.0%、95.2%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，治疗组退热时间、止惊时间明显短于对照组，惊厥复发率、癫痫转化率明显低于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S-100β蛋白（S-100β）水平均显著降低，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且治疗后治疗组血清脑神经因子水平水平明显低于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 小儿牛黄清心散联合左乙拉西坦片治疗小儿热性惊厥具有较好的临床疗效，可改善临床症状，促进脑功能的恢复，减少复发情况，具有一定的临床推广应用价值。

Objective To investigate the effect of Xiaoer Niuhuang Qingxin Powder combined with Levetiracetam Tablets in treatment of febrile convulsion in children. Methods Children (126 cases) with febrile convulsion in the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang from October 2015 to June 2018 were enrolled in this study. According to the difference treatment plan, children were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, and each group had 63 cases. Children in the control group were po administered with Levetiracetam Tablets, starting dosage 15 mg/kg, twice daily, then the dose was 10 mg/kg on the 8th to 12th day, twice daily, and 5 mg/kg on the 13th to 15th day, twice daily. Children in the treatment group were po administered with Xiaoer Niuhuang Qingxin Powder on the basis of the control group, within 1 year old, 0.5 bags/time, 1-3 years old, 1 bag/time, 3 years old and over, twice daily. Children in two groups were treated for 15 d, and followed up for one year. After treatment, the clinical efficacies were evaluated, and the improvement of clinical symptoms, and the cerebral neural factors in two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 81.0% and 95.2%, respectively, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the antipyretic time and the anticonvulsive time in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and the convulsion recurrence rate and the epileptic conversion rate in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of BDNF, NSE, and S-100β in two groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the cerebral neural factors levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Xiaoer Niuhuang Qingxin Powder combined with Levetiracetam Tablets has clinical curative effect in treatment of febrile convulsion in children, can improve the clinical symptoms, promote the recovery of brain function, and reduce the recurrence, which has a certain clinical application value.