目的 探讨清肺消炎丸联合阿奇霉素片治疗小儿急性支气管炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2018年2月-2019年2月恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院收治的100例急性支气管炎患儿为研究对象，将所有患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组各50例。对照组患儿口服阿奇霉素片，1片/次，1次/d；治疗组患儿在对照组治疗的基础上口服清肺消炎丸，1岁以内小儿：10丸/次，1~3岁：20丸/次，3~6岁：30丸/次，6~12岁：40丸/次，3次/d。两组患儿持续治疗10 d。观察两组的临床疗效，比较两组的临床症状缓解时间、肺功能指标、血气指标、炎性因子水平。结果 治疗后，对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为84.00%、96.00%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，治疗组患儿咳嗽消失时间、痰鸣音消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间均显著短于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组患者第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、最大呼气流量（PEF）和FEV1/用力肺活量（FVC）显著升高，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；并且治疗组患者FEV1、PEF和FEV1/FVC明显高于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组患者二氧化碳分压（pCO₂）水平显著降低，血氧分压（pO₂）水平显著升高，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；并且治疗组患者血气指标水平明显优于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组患者白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平显著降低，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；并且治疗组患者炎性因子水平明显低于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 清肺消炎丸联合阿奇霉素片治疗小儿急性支气管炎具有较好的临床疗效，能改善临床症状、肺功能指标和血气指标，降低血清炎性因子水平，具有一定的临床推广应用价值。

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Qingfei Xiaoyan Pills combined with Azithromycin Tablets in treatment of acute bronchitis in children. Methods Children (100 cases) with acute bronchitis in the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefectures from February 2018 to February 2019 were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, and each group had 50 cases. Patients in the control group were po administered with Azithromycin Tablets, 1 tablet/time, once daily. Children in the treatment group were po administered with Qingfei Xiaoyan Pills on the basis of the control group, age<1 year old:10 pills/time, 1-3 years old:20 pills/time, 3-6 years old:30 pills/time, 6-12 years old:20 pills/time, three times daily. Children in two groups were treated for 10 d. After treatment, the clinical efficacies were evaluated, and clinical symptoms remission time, pulmonary function indexes, blood gas indexes, and inflammatory factors levels in two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 84.00% and 96.00%, respectively, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, cough disappearance time, sputum sounds disappearance time, and lung rales disappearance time in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, FEV1, PEV, and FEV1/FVC in two groups were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the pulmonary function indexes in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of pCO₂ in two groups were significantly decreased, but the levels of pO₂ in two groups were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the blood gas indexes in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α in two groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And inflammatory factors levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Qingfei Xiaoyan Pills combined with Azithromycin Tablets has clinical curative effect in treatment of acute bronchitis in children, can improve clinical symptoms, pulmonary function and blood gas indexes, and reduce the serum level of inflammatory factors, which has a certain clinical application value.