胆汁酸主要在肝脏中合成，是胆汁的主要成分之一，其含量和成分的改变与胆固醇结石形成具有密切关系。亲水性胆汁酸在胆固醇结石的形成、治疗中起重要作用，其具有溶解胆汁中胆固醇并调节胆固醇饱和度的重要作用，减少成核异常及保护并改善胆囊收缩功能的作用。对亲水性胆汁酸对防治胆固醇结石形成的作用机制进行综述。

Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. It's one of the main components of bile, and the change of its content and composition is closely related to the formation of cholesterol gallstones. Hydrophilic bile acids play an important role in cholesterol gallstones' formation and treatment, which have an important role in dissolving cholesterol and regulating the saturation of cholesterol, reducing the abnormal nucleation, protecting and improving the contraction function of the gallbladder. In this paper, the action mechanism of hydrophilic bile acids in prevention and treatment of cholesterol gallstone are reviewed.