目的 通过对北京大学人民医院术中盐酸麻黄碱注射液的用药情况进行分析，了解其术中用药特征及可能存在的风险，为盐酸麻黄碱注射液风险管理及开展深入研究提供参考。方法 选取北京大学人民医院2016年6月术中使用麻黄碱注射液的105例患者，对患者的一般资料、基础疾病、住院科室、诊断信息、手术信息、麻醉方法、临床用药信息及合并用药信息等进行分析。结果 用药患者多为45岁以上的中老年人，占81.90%；体质量指数超过24.0者居多，占57.14%；23例患者患有高血压，占21.90%。临床多用于气管插管全麻术中血压下降的逆转；多数患者使用时血压已降至95/60 mmHg（1 mmHg=133 Pa）以下；用法以iv为主，单次剂量多集中在6 mg；临床使用多与苯肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺合并使用。结论 盐酸麻黄碱注射液多用于中老年人，临床中存在未按照说明书推荐剂量及注意事项使用等情况，可能存在用药风险，应对以上用药人群用药安全情况加以重视及深入研究，做好盐酸麻黄碱注射液的风险管理工作。

Objective To analyze the intraoperative use of Ephedrine Hydrochloride Injection in Peking University People's Hospital, to understand the characteristics of drug administration and possible risks, and to provide reference for the risk management of Ephedrine Hydrochloride Injection and its further research. Methods A total of 105 patients were enrolled from Peking University People's Hospital in June 2016. The general information, original disease, hospital departments, diagnostic information, surgical information, anesthetic techniques, clinical drug information, and combined medication information were collected. Results More than 81.90% of enrolled patients were older than 45 years. The body mass index of most patients was more than 24.0, accounting for 57.14%. A case of 23 patients had high blood pressure, accounting for 21.90%. Tracheal intubation in general anesthesia was adopted for most clinical cases. Blood pressure had been reduced to 95/60 mmHg at the time of intraoperative use of Ephedrine Hydrochloride Injection. The injection was administered intravenously, with most patients receiving a dosage of 6 mg per dose. It was always combined with phenylephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in clinical practice. Conclusion Ephedrine Hydrochloride Injection is primarily used for older patients. Several clinical risk factors have been identified including administering the overdose for inappropriate conditions and failure to follow guidelines. Appropriate risk management is required to protect patients.