目的 研究大黄、枳实、厚朴饮片变化对小承气汤药效组分的影响，以期为临床的合理应用和饮片的质量标准提供参考。方法 采用HPLC法分别测定各类成分。大黄游离蒽醌类（芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚）：Syncronis C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）；流动相：甲醇–0.1%磷酸；梯度洗脱；体积流量0.8 mL/min；柱温30℃；进样量10 μL；检测波长254 nm。大黄结合蒽醌类（番泻苷B、番泻苷A）：Syncronis C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）；流动相：乙腈–0.05%磷酸；梯度洗脱；柱温30℃；进样量10 μL；检测波长340 nm。枳实黄酮苷类（芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷）：Syncronis C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）；流动相：乙腈–水；梯度洗脱；体积流量0.7 mL/min；柱温40℃；进样量10 μL；检测波长283 nm。厚朴木脂素类成分（和厚朴酚、厚朴酚）：Syncronis C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）；流动相：乙腈–0.05%磷酸；梯度洗脱；体积流量0.7 mL/min；柱温30℃；进样量10 μL；检测波长294 nm。结果 小承气汤配伍剂量（大黄12 g–炒枳实9 g–姜厚朴6 g）不变，大黄、枳实、厚朴饮片改变时，小承气汤药效组分总量变化规律为：大黄–枳实–姜厚朴 > 酒大黄–炒枳实–姜厚朴 > 熟大黄–炒枳实–姜厚朴 > 大黄炭–炒枳实–姜厚朴≈小承气汤 > 大黄–炒枳实–厚朴，变化率分别为酒大黄组（6.561%）、熟大黄组（4.222%）、大黄炭组（0.118%）、枳实组（30.186%）、厚朴组（−11.218%）。除大黄炭组外，其余组的药效组分总量皆明显变化，其中枳实组变化最明显。结论 同一味药材的不同炮制品在小承气汤处方中药效组分不同，对其他药味的影响亦不同，在小承气汤处方配伍中不可随意替代。

Objective To study the effect of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex on active components in Xiaochengqi Decoction, so as to provide reference for clinical rational application and quality standards of pieces. Method The contents of various components were determined by HPLC method. The conditions of free anthraquinones (aloeemodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) were as following:the separation was performed on Syncronis C₁₈ column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The detection wavelengths were set at 254 nm. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, temperature of column was set at 30℃, and volume of injection was 10 μL. The conditions of conjugated anthraquinones (sennoside A and sennoside B) were as following:the separation was performed on Syncronis C₁₈ column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The detection wavelengths were set at 340 nm. The temperature of column was set at 30℃, and volume of injection was 10 μL. The conditions of flavonoid glycosides (rutanin, naringin, narigin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin) were as following:the separation > was performed on Syncronis C₁₈ column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water with gradient elution. The detection wavelengths were set at 283 nm. The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min, temperature of column was set at 40℃, and volume of injection was 10 μL. The conditions of lignans (honokiol and magnol) were as following:the separation was performed on Syncronis C₁₈ column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The detection wavelengths were set at 294 nm. The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min, temperature of column was set at 30℃, and volume of injection was 10 μL. Results Compared with Xiaochengqi Decoction (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 12 g-roasted Aurantii Fructus Immaturus 9 g-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex stir-baked with ginger juice 6 g), when Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex pieces were changed, the total amount of effective components were changed as following:Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Aurantii Fructus Immaturus-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex stir-baked with ginger juice > Rhei Radix et Rhizoma prepared with wine-roasted Aurantii Fructus Immaturus-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex stir-baked with ginger juice > processed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-roasted Aurantii Fructus Immaturus-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex stir-baked with ginger juice > charred Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-roasted Aurantii Fructus Immaturus-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex stir-baked with ginger juice ≈ Xiaochengqi Decoction > Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-roasted Aurantii Fructus Immaturus-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex. The rates of change were Rhei Radix et Rhizoma prepared with wine group (6.561%), processed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group (4.222%), charred Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group (0.118%), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus group (30.186%), Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex group (11.218%). Except charred Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group, the total effective components of others groups were significantly changed, and the most obvious variation was Aurantii Fructus Immaturus group. Conclusion The active components of the same Chinese medicine different types of pieces in Xiaochengqi Decoction have difference. And the impact on other pieces in Xiaochengqi Decoction is also different. They belong to different medicines, and can not be free to replace in prescription of Xiaochengqi Decoction.