神经病变是化疗药物常见的副作用，其对癌症患者的生活质量产生很大影响。临床上，化疗诱导的外周神经病变表现为感觉、运动和自主功能的缺陷，常发生在长轴突，如手套和袜子覆盖的部位最明显。这种神经病变的病理机制是多因素的，包括氧化应激和凋亡、轴突变性、神经兴奋性增加和免疫激活与炎症反应。主要介绍了几种常见的化疗药物如铂类、紫衫类和长春碱等，干扰细胞周期导致细胞死亡和肿瘤蜕化，同时也导致严重的急性和慢性的外周神经病变。

Neuropathy is a common side effects of chemotherapy drugs, and it produce a great impact on the quality of life of cancer patients. Clinically, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy presents as deficits in sensory, motor, and autonomic function which develop in a glove and stocking distribution due to preferential effects on longer axons. The pathophysiological processes are multi-factorial and involve oxidative stress and apoptosis, axonal degeneration, increase of nerve excitability, immune activation, and inflammatory reaction. In this papaer, several common chemotherapy drugs, such as taxanes, platinum, and vinca alkaloids are mainly introduced. They cause cell death and tumor disintegration by interfering with the cell cycle, but also lead to severe acute and chronic peripheral neuropathy.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81601153）；江苏省自然科学基金资助项目（BK20150104）；南京市医学科技发展基金项目（YKK16083）；南京市科技发展计划项目（201503020）