目的 探讨硫酸镁联合噻托溴铵治疗儿童喘息性疾病的疗效观察。方法 收集2015年1月—2016年1月于重庆市沙坪坝区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心儿科就诊的喘息性疾病患儿80例，随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组各40例。对照组使用药粉吸入器吸入噻托溴铵粉雾剂，18 μg/次，1次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上静脉滴注硫酸镁注射液，0.2～0.3 mL/kg加入5%葡糖糖注射液，稀释成1%的硫酸镁注射液静脉滴入，1次/d。两组均连续治疗7 d。观察两组的临床疗效，同时比较两组治疗前后氧分压（pO₂）、二氧化碳分压（pCO₂）、血氧饱和度（SO2）、一秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV₁占预计值的百分比（FEV₁%Pred）、达峰时间的变化情况。结果 治疗后，对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为72.5%、97.5%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组FEV₁、FVC、FEV₁%Pred/%、达峰时间、pO₂、和SO2显著升高，pCO₂显著降低，同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度优于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 硫酸镁联合噻托溴铵治疗儿童喘息性疾病具有较好的临床疗效，可显著改善患儿的肺功能和血气指标，且安全性高，具有一定的临床推广应用价值。

Objective To investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate combined with tiotropium bromide in treatment of children with asthmatic diseases. Methods Patients (80 cases) with asthmatic diseases in Department of Pediatrics of Maternal and Child Health Care Family Planning Service Center of Shapingba District of Chongqing from January 2015 to January 2016 were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. Each group had 40 cases. The patients in the control group were inhal administered with Tiotropium Bromide Powder for Inhalation by powder inhaler, 18 μg/time, once daily. The patients in the treatment group were iv administered with Magnesium Sulfate Injection on the basis of the control group, 0.2-0.3 mL/kg added into 5% sugar glucose injection which was diluted into 1% Magnesium Sulfate Injection, once daily. The patients in two groups were treated for 7 d. After treatment, the clinical efficacies were evaluated, and the changes of pO₂, pCO₂, SO2, FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁%Pred, and TPTEF in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the total efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 72.5% and 97.5%, respectively, and there were differences between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁%Pred/%, TPTEF, pO₂, and SO2 in two groups were significantly increased, and pCO₂ was significantly decreased, the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). After treatment, the observational indexes in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Magnesium sulfate combined with tiotropium bromide has clinical curative effect in treatment of children with asthmatic diseases, and can significantly improve the lung function and blood gas indexes with high safety, which has a certain clinical application value.