目的 探究利福喷丁治疗肺结核患者的临床疗效。方法 2009年3月—2013年2月就诊于淄博市第一医院的肺结核患者122例，随机分为治疗组（61例）和对照组（61例），所有患者均口服异烟肼片0.3 g/d，吡嗪酰胺片1.5 g/d，盐酸乙胺丁醇片0.75 g/d。治疗组在此基础上口服利福喷丁胶囊，0.6 g/次，1次/周。对照组口服利福平胶囊，0.45 g/d。两组患者均连续治疗6个月。治疗结束后，评价两组患者的临床疗效，同时观察痰涂片转阴、空洞消失及病灶吸收情况和不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为96.72%、85.25%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗3、6个月治疗组患者的痰涂片转阴率、空洞消失率及病灶吸收率均明显高于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗3、6个月后治疗组患者的胃肠道反应、白细胞降低例数、谷氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）水平均明显低于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 应用利福喷丁对肺结核患者进行治疗可明显增强临床疗效，且不良反应较小，建议临床推广应用。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of rifapentine in treatment of tuberculosis. Methods Patients with tuberculosis in First Hospital of Zibo City from March, 2009 to February, 2013 were randomly divided into control (61 cases) and treatment (61 cases) groups. All patients were po administered with Isoniazid Tablets (0.3 g/d), Pyrazinamide Tablets (1.5 g/d), and Ethambutol Hydrochloride Tablets (0.75 g/d). Patients in the treatment group were po administered with Rifapentine Capsule on the basic treatment, 0.6 g/time, once a week. Patients in the control group were po administered with Rifampicin Capsules (0.45 g/d). All the patients were treated continuously for 6 months. After treatment, the total clinical efficacy was observed, and sputum smear overcast, empty disappear, lesions absorption, and adverse reactions were observe.Results The efficacies in the treatment and control groups were 96.72% and 85.25%, respectively, and there was difference between the two groups (P< 0.05). After treatment for 3 and 6 months, the rates of sputum smear overcast, empty disappearing, and lesions absorption were significantly higher than those of control group, and there were differences between the two groups (P< 0.05). After treatment for 3 and 6 months, the gastrointestinal tract reaction and number of white blood cells reduced, levels of ALT and AST were significantly lower than those in the control group, and there were differences between the two groups (P< 0.05). Conclusion Rifapentine can obviously enhance the clinical curative effect in therapy of tuberculosis with less adverse reaction, which is more suitable for application.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81072785）